Department of nursing, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 Aug 22;23(1):596. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05890-1.
Psychological birth trauma exhibits a high incidence worldwide, resulting in a wide range of negative impacts on mothers, infants, couples, families and society at large through the maternal-centered ripple effect. However, there is currently limited research on psychological birth trauma in China. Social support and pregnancy stress are important influencing factors of psychological birth trauma. Consequently, this study aimed to explore predictors of pregnancy stress and psychological birth trauma in women undergoing vaginal delivery in China.
This cross-sectional study was performed at a single medical center between December 2021 and May 2022 in Hangzhou, China. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique. A total of 351 postpartum women within one week after vaginal delivery were included. Questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and scores on the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS), City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Family Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection and Resolve index (Family APGAR). Both univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to assess predictors of pregnancy stress and psychological birth trauma.
The median (IQR) of PSRS and City BiTS scores were 10.00 (14.00) and 3.00 (9.00), respectively. The incidence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder was 4.0% (14/351). Parity, social support, family support and level of education were predictors of pregnancy stress. Delivery complications, psychological traumatic event, pregnancy stress and family support were predictors of psychological birth trauma (P < 0.05).
Pregnancy stress is related to social support, family support and some sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. Psychological birth trauma is correlated with delivery complications, psychological traumatic event, pregnancy stress and family support. Consequently, enhancing social support, especially family support, for pregnant women as a means of reducing pregnancy stress can effectively prevent psychological birth trauma.
心理性分娩创伤在全球范围内发病率较高，通过以产妇为中心的连锁反应，对产妇、婴儿、夫妇、家庭和整个社会造成广泛的负面影响。然而，目前中国对心理性分娩创伤的研究较少。社会支持和孕期压力是心理性分娩创伤的重要影响因素。因此，本研究旨在探讨中国阴道分娩产妇孕期压力和心理性分娩创伤的预测因素。
这是一项横断面研究，于 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 5 月在杭州市的一家医疗中心进行。采用便利抽样法选取参与者。共纳入 351 例阴道分娩后 1 周内的产后女性。使用问卷收集社会人口学和产科特征，以及孕期压力评定量表（PSRS）、城市分娩创伤量表（City BiTS）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）和家庭适应度-伙伴关系-成长-情感-解决指数（Family APGAR）的评分。采用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析评估孕期压力和心理性分娩创伤的预测因素。
PSRS 和 City BiTS 评分的中位数（IQR）分别为 10.00（14.00）和 3.00（9.00）。产后创伤后应激障碍的发生率为 4.0%（14/351）。产次、社会支持、家庭支持和文化程度是孕期压力的预测因素。分娩并发症、心理创伤事件、孕期压力和家庭支持是心理性分娩创伤的预测因素（P<0.05）。
孕期压力与社会支持、家庭支持以及一些社会人口学和产科特征有关。心理性分娩创伤与分娩并发症、心理创伤事件、孕期压力和家庭支持有关。因此，通过增强社会支持，特别是家庭支持，降低孕期压力，可以有效预防心理性分娩创伤。
