Solvation Structure Tuning Induces LiF/Li N-Rich CEI and SEI Interfaces for Superior Li/CF Batteries.

The electrode/electrolyte interfaces play an important role in the electrochemical reaction kinetics to alleviate the severe polarization and voltage hysteresis in lithium primary batteries. Herein, C F N is proposed as an electrolyte additive to tune the characteristics of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. The Li/CF primary battery with C F N additive exhibits an excellent discharge-specific capacity of 981.4 mAh g (0.1 C), a remarkable high-rate capability of 598 mAh g (15 C), and an outstanding energy/power density of 1068.7 Wh kg /24362.5 W kg . It also shows remarkable storage performance with 717.2 mAh g at 0.1 C after storage at 55 °C for 2 months. The excellent performance of the Li/CF batteries is closely related to the improved and stable Li N/LiF-rich homogeneous interfaces induced by the C F N additive, which results in uniform distribution of Li flux, facilitated electrochemical kinetics, and increased rate capability of Li/CF battery. Therefore, C F N is expected to be a promising electrolyte additive, and the related electrode/electrolyte interface engineering provides an effective and facile strategy to increase the performance of the lithium primary battery.