Smith J M, Bell P A, Fusco M E
J Gen Psychol. 1986 Jul;113(3):289-97. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1986.9711040.
Demand characteristics may influence claims that the color pink inhibits muscle strength whereas blue increases muscle strength. In Experiment 1, undergraduates (N = 59; 30 women, 29 men) were told either that the experimenters thought pink would increase and blue decrease strength or that blue would increase muscle strength and pink decrease muscle strength. A hand dynamometer assessed grip strength as subjects stared at each of 8 differently colored panels. Results indicated that men viewing the pink or orange panels had higher grip strength under pink-strengthen than under pink-weaken instructions. The reverse relationship was found for men viewing a green panel. For women, the pink-weaken instructions resulted in a higher grip strength than did the pink-strengthen instructions, regardless of actual color present. In Experiment 2, women in a no-instruction control condition had lower grip strength than women given the pink-weaken instructions. For men, the control (no-instruction) condition resulted in higher grip strength than the pink-weaken condition. Results of both studies suggest that men followed overt demand characteristics but that women reacted with increased intensity to any suggestion that a stereotypically feminine pink is associated with weakness.
需求特征可能会影响这样的说法，即粉色会抑制肌肉力量而蓝色会增强肌肉力量。在实验1中，本科生（N = 59；30名女性，29名男性）被告知，实验者认为粉色会增强而蓝色会减弱力量，或者蓝色会增强肌肉力量而粉色会减弱肌肉力量。当受试者盯着8个不同颜色的面板时，用握力计评估握力。结果表明，在粉色增强指令下观看粉色或橙色面板的男性，其握力高于粉色减弱指令下的握力。对于观看绿色面板的男性，情况则相反。对于女性，无论实际呈现的颜色如何，粉色减弱指令导致的握力高于粉色增强指令。在实验2中，处于无指令控制条件下的女性握力低于接受粉色减弱指令的女性。对于男性，控制（无指令）条件导致的握力高于粉色减弱条件。两项研究的结果表明，男性遵循明显的需求特征，但女性对任何将刻板印象中女性化的粉色与虚弱联系起来的暗示反应更为强烈。
