Haldane J J
J Med Ethics. 1986 Sep;12(3):145-50. doi: 10.1136/jme.12.3.145.
Contemporary medical ethics is generally concerned with the application of ethical theory to medico-moral dilemmas and with the critical analysis of the concepts of medicine. This paper presents an alternative programme: the development of a medical philosophy which, by taking as its starting point the two questions: what is man? and, what constitutes goodness in life? offers an account of health as one of the primary concepts of value. This view of the subject resembles that implied by ancient theories of goodness, and in later sections of the paper it is shown how Aristotle points us towards a coherent theory of human nature as psycho-physical, which overcomes the inadequacies of dualism and physicalist reductionism. What is on offer therefore, is the prospect of an integrated account of human nature and of what constitutes its flourishing: to be healthy is to be an active unity-of-parts in equilibrium.
当代医学伦理学通常关注伦理理论在医学道德困境中的应用以及对医学概念的批判性分析。本文提出了一个不同的方案：发展一种医学哲学，它以两个问题为出发点：人是什么？以及，生活中的善由什么构成？将健康作为首要价值概念之一进行阐释。这种对该主题的看法类似于古代善的理论所隐含的观点，并且在本文后面的部分展示了亚里士多德如何引导我们走向一种关于人性的连贯理论，即身心统一的理论，它克服了二元论和物理主义还原论的不足。因此，所提供的是对人性及其繁荣构成要素进行综合阐释的前景：健康就是在平衡中成为一个各部分积极统一的整体。
