Health Care Manage Rev. 2023;48(4):311-322. doi: 10.1097/HMR.0000000000000379. Epub 2023 Aug 7.
Although team-based work is deemed key to improving the quality of national health care systems, adverse events related to teamwork account for up to one third of all incidents. Health care teams are typically multiprofessional and diverse in many aspects, but cultural diversity is one of the most challenging.
The objective of this review is to systematically analyze the literature to better understand the impact of cultural diversity in health care teams on team processes as well as team and patient outcomes. This study also explores the conditions that enable or hinder team functioning.
Through a systematic integrative literature review, this study builds on the input-process-output-context framework. Multiple searches of the main databases led to identifying 43 relevant articles.
The results suggest that, when not proactively managed, cultural diversity may have a negative effect on team communication and integration, increasing team conflict and thereby negatively influencing team performance, team climate, and patient safety, both directly and indirectly. Yet, when managed properly and in the presence of engaged and culturally sensitive leadership, cultural training, and open and transparent procedures, cultural diversity in health care teams can be an asset to health care organizations. Analyzing and aggregating these findings into an integrative framework, our study identifies several themes and a research agenda for future studies on culturally diverse health care teams.
Our findings suggest that culturally diverse health care teams experience a number of challenges, pointing to the need for action or structures that enable these teams to perform better, such as emphasizing learning and allowing team members time to get to know each other outside work.
尽管团队合作被认为是提高国家医疗保健系统质量的关键，但与团队合作相关的不良事件占所有事件的三分之一。医疗保健团队通常是多专业和多方面的，但文化多样性是最具挑战性的之一。
本综述的目的是系统地分析文献，以更好地了解医疗保健团队中的文化多样性对团队流程以及团队和患者结果的影响。本研究还探讨了促进或阻碍团队功能的条件。
通过系统的综合文献综述，本研究建立在投入-过程-产出-背景框架的基础上。对主要数据库进行了多次搜索，确定了 43 篇相关文章。
结果表明，当不主动管理时，文化多样性可能对团队沟通和整合产生负面影响，增加团队冲突，从而直接和间接地对团队绩效、团队氛围和患者安全产生负面影响。然而，当管理得当，并且存在参与和敏感文化的领导、文化培训以及开放透明的程序时，医疗保健团队中的文化多样性可以成为医疗保健组织的资产。通过将这些发现分析和汇总到一个综合框架中，我们的研究确定了几个主题和未来关于多元化医疗保健团队的研究议程。
我们的研究结果表明，多元化的医疗保健团队面临着许多挑战，这表明需要采取行动或建立结构，使这些团队能够更好地发挥作用，例如强调学习并允许团队成员在工作之外有时间相互了解。
