横断面分析年轻成年人水合作用和邻里剥夺方面的种族差异。
Cross-sectional analysis of racial differences in hydration and neighborhood deprivation in young adults.
机构信息
Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Oct;118(4):822-833. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.005. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
BACKGROUND
Inadequate hydration is associated with cardiovascular and kidney disease morbidity and all-cause mortality. Compared with White individuals, Black individuals exhibit a higher prevalence of inadequate hydration, which may contribute to racial health disparities. However, the underlying reasons for these differences in hydration remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether neighborhood deprivation contributes to racial differences in hydration status.
METHODS
We assessed 24 Black and 30 White college students, measuring 24-hour urine osmolality, urine flow rate, urine specific gravity, and plasma copeptin concentration. Participants recorded their food and fluid intake for 3 d to assess total water intake from food and beverages. Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation was measured using a tract-level Area Deprivation Index.
RESULTS
Black participants exhibited higher urine osmolality (640 [314] compared with 440 [283] mOsm/kg HO, respectively, P = 0.006) and lower urine flow rate (1.06 [0.65] compared with 1.71 [0.89] ml/min, respectively, P = 0.009) compared with White participants, indicating greater hypohydration among Black participants. Black participants reported lower total water intake from food and beverages than White participants (2.3 ± 0.7 compared with 3.5 ± 1.1 L/day, respectively, P < 0.01). Black participants exhibited higher copeptin than White participants (6.3 [3.1] compared with 4.5 [2.3] pmol/L, P = 0.046), and urine osmolality mediated 67% of the difference (P = 0.027). Black participants reported greater cumulative exposure to neighborhood deprivation during childhood (ages 0-18 y). Furthermore, neighborhood deprivation during childhood was associated with urine specific gravity (P = 0.031) and total water intake from food and beverages (P = 0.042) but did not mediate the racial differences in these measures.
CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that compared with White young adults, Black young adults are hypohydrated and exhibit higher plasma copeptin concentration, and that greater neighborhood deprivation is associated with chronic underhydration irrespective of race. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04576338.
背景
水分摄入不足与心血管疾病和肾脏疾病发病率以及全因死亡率有关。与白人个体相比，黑人个体表现出更高的水分摄入不足发生率，这可能导致了种族健康差异。然而，造成这种水分摄入差异的根本原因尚不清楚。
目的
本横断面研究旨在探讨邻里剥夺是否导致了水分摄入状态的种族差异。
方法
我们评估了 24 名黑人大学生和 30 名白人大学生，测量了 24 小时尿液渗透压、尿流量、尿比重和血浆 copeptin 浓度。参与者记录了他们 3 天的食物和液体摄入量，以评估食物和饮料中的总水分摄入量。使用基于地段的区域剥夺指数来衡量邻里的社会经济剥夺程度。
结果
与白人参与者相比，黑人参与者的尿液渗透压更高（分别为 640[314]与 440[283]mOsm/kgHO，P=0.006），尿流量更低（分别为 1.06[0.65]与 1.71[0.89]ml/min，P=0.009），表明黑人参与者的水分摄入不足更严重。黑人参与者报告的食物和饮料中的总水分摄入量低于白人参与者（分别为 2.3±0.7 与 3.5±1.1L/天，P<0.01）。与白人参与者相比，黑人参与者的 copeptin 更高（分别为 6.3[3.1]与 4.5[2.3]pmol/L，P=0.046），尿液渗透压解释了 67%的差异（P=0.027）。黑人参与者报告了更多的童年时期（0-18 岁）邻里剥夺的累积暴露。此外，童年时期的邻里剥夺与尿比重（P=0.031）和食物及饮料中的总水分摄入量（P=0.042）相关，但并未介导这些措施的种族差异。
结论
与年轻的白人成年人相比，年轻的黑人成年人水分摄入不足且血浆 copeptin 浓度更高，并且更大程度的邻里剥夺与无论种族如何的慢性水分摄入不足有关。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT04576338。
Zotero 插件