Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(44):100018-100036. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29283-1. Epub 2023 Aug 25.
The novel photocatalyst of FeO@SiO/PAEDTC@MIL-101(Fe) was prepared based on the sol-gel method, and its structure and morphology were determined by SEM mapping, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and N adsorption-desorption analyses. The photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite was evaluated in comparison with other particles as well as adsorption and photolysis processes. The effect of operating parameters showed that the complete degradation of penicillin G (PNG) can be provided at a photocatalyst dosage of 0.6 g/L, radiation intensity of 36 W, pH of 5, and time of 60 min. In the optimum condition, 84% TOC removal was attained and the BOD/COD rate for the treated effluent was above 0.4, which was representative of the high biodegradability of the treated effluent compared to the raw sample. The findings of energy consumption showed that PNG can be easily and effectively treated by the photocatalytic process based on magnetic MIL-101(Fe) with electrical energy per order between 10 and 20.87 kWh/m. Due to the excellent interaction between the MIL-101(Fe) and FeO@SiO/PAEDTC, the photocatalyst stability test showed a recyclability of the particles for 5 consecutive reaction cycles with a minimum reduction of 7%. Solution treated with photocatalyst under UV and visible light sources explained that the toxicity of the effluent after treatment is significantly reduced with the growth of Escherichia coli. Scavenging experiments showed that OH radical and hole (h) are the main agents in degrading PNG to CO, HO, and biodegradable and low-toxicity products. Finally, the findings of the diagnostic analysis and comparative experiments proved that with the interaction of FeO@SiO, NH, and MIL-101(Fe), a lower band gap can be prepared for more absorption of photons and pollutant and also more and faster production of active radicals.
基于溶胶-凝胶法制备了新型光催化剂 FeO@SiO/PAEDTC@MIL-101(Fe)，通过 SEM 映射、TEM、XRD、FTIR 和 N 吸附-脱附分析确定了其结构和形态。通过与其他颗粒以及吸附和光解过程的比较，评估了纳米复合材料的光催化活性。结果表明，在光催化剂用量为 0.6 g/L、辐射强度为 36 W、pH 值为 5 和时间为 60 min 的条件下，可完全降解青霉素 G（PNG）。在最佳条件下，TOC 的去除率达到 84%，处理后出水的 BOD/COD 比大于 0.4，表明处理后出水的可生化性高于原水样。能耗研究结果表明，基于磁性 MIL-101(Fe)的光催化过程可有效处理 PNG，电能需求每阶为 10-20.87 kWh/m。由于 MIL-101(Fe)和 FeO@SiO/PAEDTC 之间的优异相互作用，光催化剂稳定性测试表明，颗粒在 5 个连续反应循环中具有可回收性，减少率最小为 7%。在 UV 和可见光光源下处理的溶液表明，处理后的废水中的毒性显著降低，大肠杆菌的数量增加。清除实验表明，OH 自由基和空穴（h）是将 PNG 降解为 CO、HO 和可生物降解低毒性产物的主要因素。最后，诊断分析和对比实验结果证明，通过 FeO@SiO、NH 和 MIL-101(Fe)的相互作用，可以制备出更低的带隙，从而可以吸收更多的光子和污染物，并且可以更快地产生更多的活性自由基。
