Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Lab of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.
Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City, University of New York, NY 11210, USA.
Food Funct. 2023 Sep 19;14(18):8453-8466. doi: 10.1039/d3fo00429e.
Oat β-glucan (OG) has been shown to improve intestinal microecology in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the effect on fetal intestine health is unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of OG supplementation during gestation in GDM dams on fetal intestinal immune development. OG was supplemented one week before mating until the end of the experiment. GDM rats were made with a high-fat diet (HFD) with a minimal streptozotocin (STZ) dose. The fetal intestines were sampled at gestation day (GD) 19.5, and the intestinal morphology, chemical barrier molecules, intraepithelial immune cell makers, and levels of inflammatory cytokines were investigated. The results showed that OG supplementation alleviated the decrease of the depth of fetal intestinal villi and crypts, the number of goblet cells (GCs), protein expression of mucin-1 (Muc1) and Muc2, the mRNA levels of Gpr41, Gpr43, and T cell markers, and increased the number of paneth cells (PCs), the mRNA levels of defensin-6 (defa6), and macrophage (Mø) marker and the expression of cytokines induced by GDM. In addition, OG supplementation alleviated the function of immune cell self-proliferation, chemotaxis and assembly capabilities, protein, fat, folic acid, and zinc absorption damaged by GDM. As indicated by these findings, OG supplementation before and during pregnancy improved the fetal intestinal chemical barriers, immune cells, cytokines, and the metabolism of nutrients to protect the fetal intestinal immunity.
燕麦 β-葡聚糖 (OG) 已被证明可改善妊娠糖尿病 (GDM) 中的肠道微生态，但对胎儿肠道健康的影响尚不清楚。在此，我们旨在研究 GDM 母鼠在孕期补充 OG 对胎儿肠道免疫发育的影响。OG 在交配前一周开始补充，直到实验结束。GDM 大鼠用高脂肪饮食 (HFD) 和最小剂量链脲佐菌素 (STZ) 制成。在妊娠第 19.5 天采集胎儿肠道样本，研究肠道形态、化学屏障分子、上皮内免疫细胞标志物和炎症细胞因子水平。结果表明，OG 补充缓解了胎儿肠绒毛和隐窝深度、杯状细胞 (GC) 数量、黏蛋白-1 (Muc1) 和 Muc2 蛋白表达、Gpr41、Gpr43 和 T 细胞标志物的 mRNA 水平的降低，增加了潘氏细胞 (PC) 的数量、防御素-6 (defa6) 的 mRNA 水平、巨噬细胞 (Mø) 标志物和由 GDM 引起的细胞因子表达。此外，OG 补充缓解了由 GDM 损害的免疫细胞自我增殖、趋化和组装能力、蛋白质、脂肪、叶酸和锌吸收的功能。这些发现表明，孕期补充 OG 可改善胎儿肠道的化学屏障、免疫细胞、细胞因子和营养物质代谢，以保护胎儿肠道免疫。
