MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal.
MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2023 Aug 16;21(8):451. doi: 10.3390/md21080451.
The increase in the life expectancy average has led to a growing elderly population, thus leading to a prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia (SNpc). The marine environment has proven to be a source of unique and diverse chemical structures with great therapeutic potential to be used in the treatment of several pathologies, including neurodegenerative impairments. This review is focused on compounds isolated from marine organisms with neuroprotective activities on in vitro and in vivo models based on their chemical structures, taxonomy, neuroprotective effects, and their possible mechanism of action in PD. About 60 compounds isolated from marine bacteria, fungi, mollusk, sea cucumber, seaweed, soft coral, sponge, and starfish with neuroprotective potential on PD therapy are reported. Peptides, alkaloids, quinones, terpenes, polysaccharides, polyphenols, lipids, pigments, and mycotoxins were isolated from those marine organisms. They can act in several PD hallmarks, reducing oxidative stress, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein aggregation, and blocking inflammatory pathways through the inhibition translocation of NF-kB factor, reduction of human tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This review gathers the marine natural products that have shown pharmacological activities acting on targets belonging to different intracellular signaling pathways related to PD development, which should be considered for future pre-clinical studies.
预期寿命的增加导致了老年人口的增长，从而导致神经退行性疾病（如帕金森病）的流行。PD 是第二常见的神经退行性疾病，其特征是黑质（SNpc）中的多巴胺能神经元进行性退化。海洋环境已被证明是具有独特和多样化化学结构的来源，具有很大的治疗潜力，可用于治疗多种疾病，包括神经退行性疾病。 本综述重点介绍了从海洋生物中分离出的具有神经保护活性的化合物，这些化合物基于其化学结构、分类学、神经保护作用以及在 PD 中的可能作用机制，在体外和体内模型中具有神经保护活性。 据报道，从海洋细菌、真菌、软体动物、海参、海藻、软珊瑚、海绵和海星中分离出了约 60 种具有 PD 治疗潜力的神经保护化合物。 从这些海洋生物中分离出了肽、生物碱、醌、萜类、多糖、多酚、脂质、色素和霉菌毒素。 它们可以作用于 PD 的几个特征标志，减少氧化应激、预防线粒体功能障碍、α-突触核蛋白聚集，并通过抑制 NF-kB 因子的易位、减少人肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α) 和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6) 来阻断炎症途径。 本综述汇集了具有药理学活性的海洋天然产物，这些产物作用于与 PD 发展相关的不同细胞内信号通路的靶标，这些产物应考虑用于未来的临床前研究。
