Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Jul 28;15(8):479. doi: 10.3390/toxins15080479.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the aquatic environment has been reported to cause diseases in red swamp crayfish (). In addition, deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the primary mycotoxins found in aquaculture. However, the potential synergistic toxic effects of LPS and DON on crayfish are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, crayfish were exposed to LPS (1 mg kg), DON (3 mg kg), and their combination (1 mg kg LPS + 3 mg kg DON, L+D) for a duration of six days. Co-exposure to LPS and DON exhibited the lowest survival rate compared to the control or individual treatments with LPS or DON alone. In the initial stage of the experiment, the combined treatment of LPS and DON showed a more pronounced up-regulation of antioxidant and immune-related enzymes in the sera compared to the other treatment groups, with a fold change ranging from 1.3 to 15. In addition, the (L+D) treatment group showed a down-regulation of immune-related genes, as well as Toll pathway-related genes in the hepatopancreas compared to LPS or DON. Moreover, the (L+D) treatment group demonstrated a 100% incidence of histopathological changes in the hepatopancreas, which were significantly more severe compared to the other three groups. In conclusion, our study provides physiological and histopathological evidence that the co-exposure to LPS and DON exerted synergistic toxic effects on crayfish. The observed effects could potentially hinder the development of the crayfish aquaculture industry in China.
水生态环境中的细菌脂多糖（LPS）已被报道可引发克氏原螯虾（）疾病。此外，脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是水产养殖中主要的霉菌毒素之一。然而，LPS 和 DON 对螯虾的潜在协同毒性作用仍未完全阐明。在本研究中，螯虾暴露于 LPS（1mg/kg）、DON（3mg/kg）及其组合（1mg/kg LPS+3mg/kg DON，L+D）中 6 天。与对照组或单独 LPS 或 DON 处理组相比，LPS 和 DON 共同暴露的存活率最低。在实验的初始阶段，与其他处理组相比，LPS 和 DON 的联合处理在血清中更显著地上调了抗氧化和免疫相关酶，其倍数变化范围为 1.3 至 15。此外，与 LPS 或 DON 相比，（L+D）处理组在肝胰腺中下调了免疫相关基因和 Toll 途径相关基因。此外，（L+D）处理组在肝胰腺中表现出 100%的组织病理学变化发生率，与其他三组相比，其严重程度显著更高。总之，本研究提供了生理和组织病理学证据，表明 LPS 和 DON 的共同暴露对螯虾产生了协同毒性作用。观察到的影响可能会阻碍中国小龙虾养殖业的发展。
