Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
School of Psychology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
Biomolecules. 2023 Jul 30;13(8):1188. doi: 10.3390/biom13081188.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are ubiquitously expressed in the human body. They protect the brain and central nervous system from self and foreign antigens/pathogens. The immune response elicited by these receptors culminates in the release of cytokines, chemokines, and interferons causing an inflammatory response, which can be both beneficial and harmful to neurodevelopment. In addition, the detrimental effects of TLR activation have been implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, etc. Many studies also support the theory that cytokine imbalance may be involved in schizophrenia, and a vast amount of literature showcases the deleterious effects of this imbalance on cognitive performance in the human population. In this review, we examine the current literature on TLRs, their potential role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, factors affecting TLR activity that contribute towards the risk of schizophrenia, and lastly, the role of TLRs and their impact on cognitive performance in schizophrenia.
Toll 样受体 (TLRs) 是一类模式识别受体 (PRRs)，广泛存在于人体中。它们可以保护大脑和中枢神经系统免受自身和外来抗原/病原体的侵害。这些受体引发的免疫反应最终导致细胞因子、趋化因子和干扰素的释放，引起炎症反应，这对神经发育既有好处也有坏处。此外，TLR 激活的有害影响已被牵连到多种神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化症等。许多研究也支持细胞因子失衡可能与精神分裂症有关的理论，大量文献展示了这种失衡对人类认知表现的有害影响。在这篇综述中，我们研究了 TLRs 的现有文献，它们在精神分裂症发病机制中的潜在作用，影响 TLR 活性的因素导致精神分裂症的风险，以及 TLRs 的作用及其对精神分裂症认知表现的影响。
