Torres-Pereira Andreia, Araújo Hélder, Monteiro Silvia Silva, Ferreira Marisa, Bastos-Santos Jorge, Sá Sara, Nicolau Lídia, Marçalo Ana, Marques Carina, Tavares Ana Sofia, De Bonis Myriam, Covelo Pablo, Martínez-Cedeira José, López Alfredo, Sequeira Marina, Vingada José, Eira Catarina
Department of Biology & ECOMARE/CPRAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Aug 15;13(16):2632. doi: 10.3390/ani13162632.
The Iberian harbour porpoise population is small and fisheries bycatch has been described as one of its most important threats. Data on harbour porpoise strandings collected by the Portuguese and Galician stranding networks between 2000 and 2020 are indicative of a recent mortality increase in the western Iberian coast (particularly in northern Portugal). Overall, in Portugal and Galicia, individuals stranded due to confirmed fishery interaction represented 46.98% of all analysed porpoises, and individuals stranded due to probable fishery interaction represented another 10.99% of all analysed porpoises. Considering the Portuguese annual abundance estimates available between 2011 and 2015, it was possible to calculate that an annual average of 207 individuals was removed from the population in Portuguese waters alone, which largely surpasses the potential biological removal (PBR) estimates (22 porpoises, CI: 12-43) for the same period. These results are conservative and bycatch values from strandings are likely underestimated. A structured action plan accounting for new activities at sea is needed to limit the Iberian porpoise population decline. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need for a fishing effort reorganization to directly decrease porpoise mortality.
伊比利亚港湾鼠海豚种群数量稀少，渔业兼捕被认为是其面临的最重要威胁之一。葡萄牙和加利西亚搁浅网络在2000年至2020年期间收集的港湾鼠海豚搁浅数据表明，伊比利亚西部海岸（特别是葡萄牙北部）近期死亡率有所上升。总体而言，在葡萄牙和加利西亚，因确认的渔业相互作用而搁浅的个体占所有分析的鼠海豚的46.98%，因可能的渔业相互作用而搁浅的个体占所有分析的鼠海豚的另外10.99%。根据2011年至2015年期间葡萄牙的年度丰度估计，可以计算出仅在葡萄牙海域，每年平均有207只个体从种群中消失，这大大超过了同期潜在生物移除量（PBR）估计值（22只鼠海豚，置信区间：12 - 43）。这些结果是保守的，搁浅造成的兼捕值可能被低估了。需要制定一项考虑到海上新活动的结构化行动计划，以限制伊比利亚港湾鼠海豚种群数量的下降。与此同时，迫切需要重新组织渔业活动，以直接降低鼠海豚的死亡率。
