Diniz Eva, Monteiro Lígia, Veríssimo Manuela
William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal.
Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal.
Children (Basel). 2023 Aug 7;10(8):1357. doi: 10.3390/children10081357.
The balance between work and family demands is one of the main challenges of contemporary parenting. However, most of the research has focused on mothers' perspectives, with fathers' perspectives about the links between work-family activities and father involvement, as well as the role of indirect effects, such as parenting styles, being less explored. This study aims to bridge these gaps by exploring whether work strains or gains are related to father involvement in childcare and the mediating role of parental styles, focusing on fathers' reports. Working, married fathers of preschoolers (n = 411) self-reported about work strains and gains, parental styles, and father involvement. Structural equation modeling, using maximum-likelihood estimation, provided good fit indices. Results of the bootstrap analysis revealed how fathers' gains indirectly increased involvement both in direct and indirect care through positive parental styles. Otherwise, fathers' strains at work had a negative indirect effect on direct care through negative parental styles. Findings contribute to work-family interface by showing how parental styles account for mediating environmental challenges on father involvement.
工作需求与家庭需求之间的平衡是当代育儿面临的主要挑战之一。然而，大多数研究都集中在母亲的视角上，对于父亲关于工作 - 家庭活动与父亲参与度之间的联系的看法，以及诸如育儿方式等间接影响的作用，探索得较少。本研究旨在通过探讨工作压力或收获是否与父亲参与子女照料相关，以及育儿方式的中介作用，以弥合这些差距，重点关注父亲的报告。有学龄前子女的在职已婚父亲（n = 411）自我报告了工作压力和收获、育儿方式以及父亲参与度。使用最大似然估计的结构方程模型提供了良好的拟合指数。引导分析的结果揭示了父亲的收获如何通过积极的育儿方式间接增加直接照料和间接照料的参与度。否则，父亲的工作压力会通过消极的育儿方式对直接照料产生负面间接影响。研究结果通过展示育儿方式如何在环境挑战对父亲参与度的影响中起到中介作用，为工作 - 家庭界面研究做出了贡献。
