Department of the Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Regulation of Genetic Processes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jul 26;14(8):1523. doi: 10.3390/genes14081523.
This study focuses on expanding knowledge about the genetic diversity of the Altai horse native to Siberia. While studying modern horses from two Altai regions, where horses were subjected to less crossbreeding, we tested the hypothesis, formulated on the basis of morphological data, that the Altai horse is represented by two populations (Eastern and Southern) and that the Mongolian horse has a greater genetic proximity to Eastern Altai horses. Bone samples of ancient horses from different cultures of Altai were investigated to clarify the genetic history of this horse breed. As a genetic marker, we chose hypervariable region I of mitochondrial DNA. The results of the performed phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of our and previously published data confirmed the hypothesis stated above. As we found out, almost all the haplotypes of the ancient domesticated horses of Altai are widespread among modern Altai horses. The differences between the mitochondrial gene pools of the ancient horses of Altai and Mongolia are more significant than between those of modern horses of the respective regions, which is most likely due to an increase in migration processes between these regions after the Early Iron Age.
这项研究侧重于扩展对西伯利亚原产的阿尔泰马的遗传多样性的了解。在对两个受杂交影响较小的阿尔泰地区的现代马进行研究时，我们检验了一个基于形态学数据提出的假设，即阿尔泰马由两个种群（东部和南部）组成，而蒙古马与东部阿尔泰马具有更大的遗传亲缘关系。为了阐明该马种的遗传历史，我们对来自不同阿尔泰文化的古代马的骨骼样本进行了研究。作为遗传标记，我们选择了线粒体 DNA 的高度可变区 I。我们对自己和以前发表的数据进行的系统发育和群体遗传分析的结果证实了上述假设。正如我们发现的那样，阿尔泰古代家养马的几乎所有单倍型都广泛存在于现代阿尔泰马中。阿尔泰和蒙古古代马的线粒体基因库之间的差异比现代马的差异更为显著，这很可能是由于在早期铁器时代之后，这些地区之间的迁徙过程增加所致。
