Department of the Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.
Paleogenomics Laboratory, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 12;15(11):e0241997. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241997. eCollection 2020.
A growing number of researchers studying horse domestication come to a conclusion that this process happened in multiple locations and involved multiple wild maternal lines. The most promising approach to address this problem involves mitochondrial haplotype comparison of wild and domestic horses from various locations coupled with studies of possible migration routes of the ancient shepherds. Here, we sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of six horses from burials of the Ukok plateau (Russia, Altai Mountains) dated from 2.7 to 1.4 thousand years before present and a single late Pleistocene wild horse from the neighboring region (Denisova cave). Sequencing data indicates that the wild horse belongs to an extinct pre-domestication lineage. Integration of the domestic horse data with known Eurasian haplotypes of a similar age revealed two distinct groups: the first one widely distributed in Europe and presumably imported to Altai, and the second one specific for Altai Mountains and surrounding area.
越来越多研究马驯化的学者得出结论，这个过程发生在多个地点，涉及多个野生母系。解决这个问题最有希望的方法是比较来自不同地点的野生和家养马的线粒体单倍型，并结合对古代牧民可能迁徙路线的研究。在这里，我们对来自 Ukok 高原（俄罗斯，阿尔泰山脉）的六匹马的完整线粒体基因组进行了测序，这些马的年代可以追溯到距今 2700 到 1400 年前，还有一匹来自邻近地区（Denisova 洞穴）的晚更新世野生马。测序数据表明，这匹野生马属于已灭绝的驯化前谱系。将家养马的数据与已知的相似年龄的欧亚大陆单倍型整合在一起，揭示了两个不同的群体：第一个群体广泛分布在欧洲，可能被引入阿尔泰山脉，第二个群体则是阿尔泰山脉及其周边地区特有的。
