Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Aug 15;14(8):1629. doi: 10.3390/genes14081629.
Osteogenesis is a developmental process critical for structural support and the establishment of a dynamic reservoir for calcium and phosphorus. Changes in livestock breeding over the past 100 years have resulted in earlier bone development and increased physical size of cattle. Advanced skeletal maturity is now commonly observed at harvest, with heifers displaying more mature bone than is expected at 30 months of age (MOA). We surmise that selection for growth traits and earlier reproductive maturity resulted in co-selection for accelerated skeletal ossification. This study examines the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 793 beef heifers under 30 MOA with USDA-graded skeletal maturity phenotypes (A-, B-, C- skeletal maturity). Further, the estrogen content of FDA-approved hormonal implants provided to heifers prior to harvest was evaluated in association with the identified SNPs and maturities. Association tests were performed, and the impact of the implants were evaluated as covariates against genotypes using a logistic regression model. SNPs from the , , genes, and SNPs near , , , , , microRNA were determined to be associated with the advanced skeletal ossification phenotype in heifers. Higher dosage estrogen implants increased skeletal maturity in heifers with certain SNP genotypes.
成骨作用是一个关键的发育过程，对于结构支持和钙磷的动态储备建立至关重要。过去 100 年来，家畜繁殖的变化导致了骨骼发育的提前和牛只体型的增加。现在在收获时通常可以观察到先进的骨骼成熟度，小母牛的骨骼成熟度比预期的 30 月龄（MOA）更高。我们推测，对生长性状和更早的生殖成熟度的选择导致了对骨骼骨化加速的共同选择。本研究检查了在 30MOA 以下的 793 头肉牛小母牛中 793 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与 USDA 分级骨骼成熟度表型（A-、B-、C-骨骼成熟度）之间的关系。此外，还评估了在收获前提供给小母牛的 FDA 批准的激素植入物的雌激素含量与鉴定的 SNP 和成熟度之间的关系。进行了关联测试，并使用逻辑回归模型评估了作为协变量的植入物对基因型的影响。确定来自 、 、 基因的 SNP 以及靠近 、 、 、 、 microRNA 的 SNP 与小母牛中先进的骨骼骨化表型相关。具有某些 SNP 基因型的小母牛中，较高剂量的雌激素植入物增加了骨骼成熟度。
