Hudu Shuaibu Abdullahi, Jimoh Abdulgafar Olayiwola, Ibrahim Kasimu Ghandi, Alshrari Ahmed Subeh
Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840001, Nigeria.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Dec 12;15(12):1542. doi: 10.3390/ph15121542.
Viral hepatitis has long been underrated as a danger to global health. The UN only recently called for worldwide action to tackle viral hepatitis and lessen the disease burden in its "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development". Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes liver cirrhosis and malignancy, is a main cause of death globally. This review analyses innovative HBV therapeutic vaccine candidates for which a patent was filed between January 2010 and March 2022 and presents future improvement techniques for vaccine efficacy. Although there is a preventative vaccine for HBV infection, over 3% of people worldwide have the disease on a long-term basis and can no longer benefit from it. Most people will have chronic HBV infection for the rest of their lives once it has been diagnosed. Moreover, only a small percentage of treated patients experience a functional cure with persistent hepatitis B surface antigen reduction. A significant proportion of deaths are caused by liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer, which are both caused by chronic hepatitis B infection. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel medications due to the inadequacies of the current therapies.
长期以来，病毒性肝炎对全球健康的危害一直被低估。联合国直到最近才在其“2030年可持续发展议程”中呼吁采取全球行动应对病毒性肝炎并减轻疾病负担。导致肝硬化和恶性肿瘤的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是全球主要死因之一。本综述分析了2010年1月至2022年3月期间申请专利的创新型HBV治疗性疫苗候选物，并介绍了提高疫苗效力的未来改进技术。尽管有针对HBV感染的预防性疫苗，但全球超过3%的人长期患有该疾病，无法再从中受益。一旦被诊断出患有慢性HBV感染，大多数人将终生携带。此外，只有一小部分接受治疗的患者通过持续降低乙型肝炎表面抗原实现了功能性治愈。相当一部分死亡是由肝硬化和肝细胞癌引起的，而这两者均由慢性乙型肝炎感染所致。因此，由于现有疗法存在不足，迫切需要新型药物。
