Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Aug 14;15(16):3576. doi: 10.3390/nu15163576.
Food insecurity affects more than 40 million individuals in the United States and is linked to negative health outcomes due, in part, to poor dietary quality. Despite the emergence of metabolomics as a modality to objectively characterize nutritional biomarkers, it is unclear whether food security is associated with any biomarkers of dietary quality. This scoping review aims to summarize studies that examined associations between nutritional biomarkers and food security, as well as studies that investigated metabolomic differences between people with and without food insecurity. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and AGRICOLA were searched through August 2022 for studies describing food insecurity and metabolic markers in blood, urine, plasma, hair, or nails. The 78 studies included consisted of targeted assays quantifying lipids, dietary nutrients, heavy metals, and environmental xenobiotics as biochemical features associated with food insecurity. Among those biomarkers which were quantified in at least five studies, none showed a consistent association with food insecurity. Although three biomarkers of dietary quality have been assessed between food-insecure versus food-secure populations, no studies have utilized untargeted metabolomics to characterize patterns of small molecules that distinguish between these two populations. Further studies are needed to characterize the dietary quality profiles of individuals with and without food insecurity.
在美国，超过 4000 万人受到粮食不安全的影响，由于饮食质量差等原因，与负面健康结果有关。尽管代谢组学作为一种客观描述营养生物标志物的方法已经出现，但尚不清楚粮食安全是否与任何饮食质量的生物标志物有关。本范围综述旨在总结研究食物不安全与营养生物标志物之间关联的研究，以及研究食物不安全人群与无食物不安全人群之间代谢组差异的研究。通过 PubMed、Embase、Scopus 和 AGRICOLA 检索了截至 2022 年 8 月的研究，这些研究描述了血液、尿液、血浆、头发或指甲中的粮食不安全和代谢标志物。78 项研究包括定量分析与粮食不安全相关的脂质、膳食营养素、重金属和环境污染物等生化特征的靶向分析。在至少有五项研究中定量的这些生物标志物中，没有一项显示与粮食不安全有一致的关联。尽管已经在粮食不安全与粮食安全人群之间评估了三种饮食质量生物标志物，但尚无研究利用非靶向代谢组学来描述区分这两个人群的小分子模式。需要进一步的研究来描述有和没有粮食不安全的个体的饮食质量特征。
