Günthardt-Goerg Madeleine S, Schläpfer Rodolphe, Vollenweider Pierre
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
EPFL ENAC IIE Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, GR B2 407 Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Aug 21;12(16):3011. doi: 10.3390/plants12163011.
With the current increases in environmental stress, understanding species-specific responses to multiple stress agents is needed. This science is especially important for managing ecosystems that are already confronted with considerable pollution. In this study, responses to ozone (O3, ambient daily course values + 20 ppb) and mixed metal contamination in soils (MC, cadmium/copper/lead/zinc = 25/1100/2500/1600 mg kg), separately and in combination, were evaluated for three plant species (, , ) with different life forms and ecological strategies. The two treatments elicited similar stress reactions, as shown by leaf functional traits, gas exchange, tannin, and nutrient markers, irrespective of the plant species and life form, whereas the reactions to the treatments differed in magnitude. Visible and microscopic injuries at the organ or cell level appeared along the penetration route of ozone and metal contamination. At the whole plant level, the MC treatment caused more severe injuries than the O3 treatment and few interactions were observed between the two stress factors. trees, with a slow-return strategy, showed the highest stress tolerance in apparent relation to an enhancement of conservative traits and an exclusion of stress agents. The ruderal and more acquisitive forbs translocated large amounts of contaminants above ground, which may be of concern in a phytostabilisation context. The deciduous trees-also with an acquisitive strategy-were most sensitive to both stress factors. Hence, species with slow-return strategies may be of particular interest for managing metal-polluted sites in the current context of multiple stressors and for safely confining soil contaminants below ground.
随着当前环境压力的增加，有必要了解物种对多种胁迫因子的特异性反应。这门科学对于管理已经面临相当程度污染的生态系统尤为重要。在本研究中，分别及联合评估了三种具有不同生活型和生态策略的植物物种（、、）对臭氧（O3，环境日均值 + 20 ppb）和土壤中混合金属污染（MC，镉/铜/铅/锌 = 25/1100/2500/1600 mg/kg）的反应。两种处理引发了相似的胁迫反应，从叶片功能性状、气体交换、单宁和养分指标来看，无论植物物种和生活型如何，而对处理的反应在程度上有所不同。在器官或细胞水平上的可见和微观损伤出现在臭氧和金属污染的穿透路径上。在整株植物水平上，MC处理造成的损伤比O3处理更严重，并且在两个胁迫因子之间观察到的相互作用很少。具有缓慢恢复策略的树木，与保守性状的增强和胁迫因子的排除明显相关，表现出最高的胁迫耐受性。杂草性且更具获取性的草本植物将大量污染物转运到地上，在植物稳定化的背景下这可能令人担忧。落叶树木——也具有获取性策略——对两种胁迫因子最为敏感。因此，在当前多胁迫源的背景下，具有缓慢恢复策略的物种对于管理金属污染场地以及将土壤污染物安全地限制在地下可能特别有意义。
