Hamid Shahid, Chopra Shakti Raj, Gupta Akhil, Tanwar Sudeep, Florea Bogdan Cristian, Taralunga Dragos Daniel, Alfarraj Osama, Shehata Ahmed M
School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Aug 21;23(16):7294. doi: 10.3390/s23167294.
Hybrid beamforming is a viable method for lowering the complexity and expense of massive multiple-input multiple-output systems while achieving high data rates on track with digital beamforming. To this end, the purpose of the research reported in this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the three architectural beamforming techniques (Analog, Digital, and Hybrid beamforming) in massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, especially hybrid beamforming. In hybrid beamforming, the antennas are connected to a single radio frequency chain, unlike digital beamforming, where each antenna has a separate radio frequency chain. The beam formation toward a particular angle depends on the channel state information. Further, massive multiple-input multiple-output is discussed in detail along with the performance parameters like bit error rate, signal-to-noise ratio, achievable sum rate, power consumption in massive multiple-input multiple-output, and energy efficiency. Finally, a comparison has been established between the three beamforming techniques.
混合波束成形是一种可行的方法，可在降低大规模多输入多输出系统的复杂度和成本的同时，实现与数字波束成形相当的高数据速率。为此，本文所报道研究的目的是评估三种架构的波束成形技术（模拟、数字和混合波束成形）在大规模多输入多输出系统中的有效性，尤其是混合波束成形。在混合波束成形中，天线连接到单个射频链，这与数字波束成形不同，在数字波束成形中每个天线都有一个单独的射频链。朝向特定角度的波束形成取决于信道状态信息。此外，还详细讨论了大规模多输入多输出以及误码率、信噪比、可达和速率、大规模多输入多输出中的功耗和能量效率等性能参数。最后，对这三种波束成形技术进行了比较。
