Malik Shiza, Ahsan Omar, Mumtaz Hassan, Tahir Khan Muhammad, Sah Ranjit, Waheed Yasir
Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan.
Department of Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Aug 5;11(8):1328. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11081328.
Nearly half of the world is at risk of developing dengue infection. Dengue virus is the causative agent behind this public healthcare concern. Millions of dengue cases are reported every year, leading to thousands of deaths. The scientific community is working to develop effective therapeutic strategies in the form of vaccines and antiviral drugs against dengue.
In this review, a methodological approach has been used to gather data from the past five years to include the latest developments against the dengue virus.
Different therapeutics and antiviral targets against the dengue virus are at different stages of development, but none have been approved by the FDA. Moreover, various vaccination strategies have also been discussed, including attenuated virus vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, nanotechnology, and plant-based vaccines, which are used to develop effective vaccines for the dengue virus. Many dengue vaccines pass the initial phases of evaluation, but only two vaccines have been approved for public use. DENGVAXIA is the only FDA-approved vaccine against all four stereotypes of the dengue virus, but it is licensed for use only in individuals 6-16 years of age with laboratory-confirmed previous dengue infection and living in endemic countries. Takeda is the second vaccine approved for use in the European Union, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia, and Thailand. It produced sustained antibody responses against all four serotypes of dengue virus, regardless of previous exposure and dosing schedule. Other dengue vaccine candidates at different stages of development are TV-003/005, TDENV PIV, V180, and some DNA vaccines.
There is a need to put more effort into developing effective vaccines and therapeutics for dengue, as already approved vaccines and therapeutics have limitations. DENGVAXIA is approved for use in children and teenagers who are 6-16 years of age and have confirmed dengue infection, while Takeda is approved for use in certain countries, and it has withdrawn its application for FDA approval.
世界上近一半的人口面临感染登革热的风险。登革热病毒是这一公共卫生问题的病原体。每年报告数百万例登革热病例，导致数千人死亡。科学界正在努力开发以疫苗和抗病毒药物形式对抗登革热的有效治疗策略。
在本综述中，采用了一种方法来收集过去五年的数据，以纳入针对登革热病毒的最新进展。
针对登革热病毒的不同治疗方法和抗病毒靶点处于不同的开发阶段，但均未获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的批准。此外，还讨论了各种疫苗接种策略，包括减毒活疫苗、重组亚单位疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、DNA疫苗、纳米技术和植物源疫苗，这些策略用于开发针对登革热病毒的有效疫苗。许多登革热疫苗通过了初始评估阶段，但只有两种疫苗已被批准用于公众。DENGVAXIA是唯一获得FDA批准的针对登革热病毒所有四种血清型的疫苗，但仅被许可用于6至16岁、实验室确诊曾感染登革热且生活在流行国家的个体。武田疫苗是第二种被批准在欧盟、英国、巴西、阿根廷、印度尼西亚和泰国使用的疫苗。无论先前的接触情况和给药方案如何，它都能对登革热病毒的所有四种血清型产生持续的抗体反应。处于不同开发阶段的其他登革热疫苗候选产品包括TV-003/005、TDENV PIV、V180和一些DNA疫苗。
由于已批准的疫苗和治疗方法存在局限性，因此需要加大力度开发针对登革热的有效疫苗和治疗方法。DENGVAXIA被批准用于6至16岁且确诊感染登革热的儿童和青少年，而武田疫苗在某些国家被批准使用，并且已撤回其FDA批准申请。
