Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Department of Virology, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
Viruses. 2023 Aug 3;15(8):1687. doi: 10.3390/v15081687.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus with a negative-strand RNA genome encompassing less than 1700 nucleotides. The HDV genome encodes only for one protein, the hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), which exists in two forms acting as nucleoproteins. HDV depends on the envelope proteins of the hepatitis B virus as a helper virus for packaging its ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). HDV is considered the causative agent for the most severe form of viral hepatitis leading to liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Many steps of the life cycle of HDV are still enigmatic. This review gives an overview of the complete life cycle of HDV and identifies gaps in knowledge. The focus is on the description of cellular factors being involved in the life cycle of HDV and the deregulation of cellular pathways by HDV with respect to their relevance for viral replication, morphogenesis and HDV-associated pathogenesis. Moreover, recent progress in antiviral strategies targeting cellular structures is summarized in this article.
丁型肝炎病毒 (HDV) 是一种缺陷型 RNA 病毒，其负链 RNA 基因组小于 1700 个核苷酸。HDV 基因组仅编码一种蛋白，即乙型肝炎病毒抗原 (HDAg)，它有两种形式，作为核蛋白发挥作用。HDV 依赖乙型肝炎病毒的包膜蛋白作为辅助病毒来包装其核糖核蛋白复合物 (RNP)。HDV 被认为是导致最严重形式的病毒性肝炎的病原体，可导致肝纤维化/肝硬化和肝细胞癌。HDV 的许多生命周期步骤仍然是谜。本文概述了 HDV 的完整生命周期，并确定了知识空白。重点是描述参与 HDV 生命周期的细胞因子以及 HDV 对细胞途径的调控，因为这些与病毒复制、形态发生和与 HDV 相关的发病机制有关。此外，本文还总结了针对细胞结构的抗病毒策略的最新进展。
