Chuang Yu-Chen, Ou J-H James
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2024 Dec 18;88(4):e0001424. doi: 10.1128/mmbr.00014-24. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
SUMMARYHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important human pathogen that chronically infects approximately 250 million people in the world, resulting in ~1 million deaths annually. This virus is a hepatotropic virus and can cause severe liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The entry of HBV into hepatocytes is initiated by the interaction of its envelope proteins with its receptors. This is followed by the delivery of the viral nucleocapsid to the nucleus for the release of its genomic DNA and the transcription of viral RNAs. The assembly of the viral capsid particles may then take place in the nucleus or the cytoplasm and may involve cellular membranes. This is followed by the egress of the virus from infected cells. In recent years, significant research progresses had been made toward understanding the entry, the assembly, and the egress of HBV particles. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways of these processes and compare them with those used by hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis C virus , two other hepatotropic viruses that are also enveloped. The understanding of these processes will help us to understand how HBV replicates and causes diseases, which will help to improve the treatments for HBV patients.
摘要
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一种重要的人类病原体，全球约有2.5亿人长期感染该病毒，每年导致约100万人死亡。这种病毒是嗜肝病毒，可引起包括肝硬化和肝细胞癌在内的严重肝脏疾病。HBV进入肝细胞是由其包膜蛋白与受体相互作用引发的。随后，病毒核衣壳被递送至细胞核以释放其基因组DNA并转录病毒RNA。病毒衣壳颗粒的组装可能在细胞核或细胞质中进行，且可能涉及细胞膜。随后病毒从受感染细胞中释放出来。近年来，在了解HBV颗粒的进入、组装和释放方面取得了重大研究进展。在本综述中，我们讨论这些过程的分子途径，并将它们与丁型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒（另外两种包膜嗜肝病毒）所使用的途径进行比较。对这些过程的理解将有助于我们了解HBV如何复制并引发疾病，这将有助于改善对HBV患者的治疗。
