ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India.
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Aug 26;195(9):1099. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11673-0.
Mitigating the atmospheric greenhouse effect while enhancing the inherent soil quality and productive capacity is possible through soil carbon (C) sequestration, which has a significant potential to counteract the adverse effects of agroecosystem level C emission through natural and anthropogenic means. Although rice is the most important food in India, feeding more than 60% of the country's population, it is commonly blamed for significant methane (CH) emissions that accelerate climate change. Higher initial soil organic matter concentrations would create more CH under the flooded soil conditions, as reducible soil C is a prerequisite for CH generation. In India, rice is generally cultivated in lowlands under continuous flooding. Less extensive organic matter breakdown in lowland rice agroecosystems often significantly impacts the dynamics of soil active and passive C pools. Change from conventional to conservation agriculture might trap a significant quantity of SOC. The study aims to investigate the potential of rice-based soils to sequester C and reduce the accelerated greenhouse effects through modified farming practices, such as crop residue retention, crop rotation, organic farming, varietal selection, conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, and water management. Overall, lowland rice agroecosystems can sequester significant amounts of SOC, but this potential must be balanced against the potential for CH emissions. Management practices that reduce CH emissions while increasing soil C sequestration should be promoted and adopted to maximize the sustainability of rice agroecosystems. This review is important for understanding the effectiveness of the balance between SOC sequestration and CH emissions in lowland rice agroecosystems for adopting sustainable agricultural practices in the context of climate change.
通过土壤碳（C）固存，可以在增强土壤固有质量和生产力的同时减轻大气温室效应，这具有通过自然和人为手段抵消农业生态系统水平 C 排放的不利影响的巨大潜力。虽然水稻是印度最重要的粮食作物，为全国 60%以上的人口提供食物，但它通常被指责会产生大量加速气候变化的甲烷（CH）排放。较高的初始土壤有机质浓度会在水淹土壤条件下产生更多的 CH，因为可还原的土壤 C 是 CH 产生的前提。在印度，水稻通常在低地进行连续淹水种植。低地水稻农业生态系统中有机物的分解不那么广泛，通常会显著影响土壤活性和惰性 C 库的动态。从常规农业向保护性农业的转变可能会捕获大量 SOC。本研究旨在探讨通过改良耕作措施（如保留作物残茬、轮作、有机农业、品种选择、保护性农业、综合养分管理和水管理），利用基于水稻的土壤固存 C 并减少加速温室效应的潜力。总的来说，低地水稻农业生态系统可以固存大量的 SOC，但这一潜力必须与 CH 排放的潜力相平衡。应推广和采用减少 CH 排放同时增加土壤 C 固存的管理措施，以最大限度地提高水稻农业生态系统的可持续性。这篇综述对于了解低地水稻农业生态系统中 SOC 固存和 CH 排放之间的平衡在气候变化背景下采用可持续农业实践的有效性非常重要。
