Walche Azmera, Haile Wassie, Kiflu Alemayehu, Tsegaye Dereje
College of Agricultural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch P.O. Box 21, Ethiopia.
College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 05, Ethiopia.
Toxics. 2024 Mar 31;12(4):265. doi: 10.3390/toxics12040265.
Sodic soils are harmful to agricultural and natural environments in Ethiopia's semi-arid and arid regions, leading to soil degradation and reduced productivity. This study investigated how amendment resources could help improve the chemical properties of sodic soils around the Abaya and Chamo Lakes in the South Ethiopia Rift Valley.
A factorial experiment was conducted to study the effects of gypsum (GYP) and farmyard manure (FYM) on sodic soil reclamation. The experiment had four levels of GYP (0, 50, 100, and 150%) and four levels of FYM (0, 10, 20, and 30 tons ha), with three replications. The pots were incubated for three months and leached for one month, after which soil samples were collected and analyzed for chemical properties. ANOVA was performed to determine the optimal amendment level for sodic soil reclamation.
The study found that applying 10 ton FYM ha and gypsum at 100% gypsum required (GR) rate resulted in a 99.8% decrease in exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) compared to untreated composite sodic soil and a 1.31% reduction over the control (GYP 0% + FYM 0 ton ha). As a result, this leads to a decrease in soil electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium (Ex. Na), and ESP values. The results were confirmed by the LSD test at 0.05. It is fascinating to see how different treatments can have such a significant impact on soil properties. The prediction models indicate that ESP's sodic soil treatment effect (R = 0.95) determines the optimal amendment level for displacing Ex. Na from the exchange site. The best estimator models for ESP using sodic soil treatment levels were ESP = 1.65-0.33 GYP for sole gypsum application and ESP = 1.65-0.33 GYP + 0.28 FYM for combined GYP and FYM application, respectively.
The study found that combined GYP and FYM applications reduced ESP to less than 10% in agriculture, but further research is needed to determine their effectiveness at the field level.
在埃塞俄比亚的半干旱和干旱地区，盐碱土对农业和自然环境有害，会导致土壤退化和生产力下降。本研究调查了改良资源如何有助于改善埃塞俄比亚南部裂谷阿巴亚湖和查莫湖周边盐碱土的化学性质。
进行了一项析因试验，研究石膏（GYP）和农家肥（FYM）对盐碱土改良的影响。试验有四个水平的石膏（0、50、100和150%）和四个水平的农家肥（0、10、20和30吨/公顷），重复三次。将花盆培养三个月并淋洗一个月，之后采集土壤样本并分析其化学性质。进行方差分析以确定盐碱土改良的最佳改良水平。
研究发现，与未处理的复合盐碱土相比，施用10吨/公顷农家肥和按100%石膏需求量（GR）施用石膏，可使交换性钠百分比（ESP）降低99.8%，比对照（石膏0% + 农家肥0吨/公顷）降低1.31%。结果，这导致土壤电导率、交换性钠（Ex. Na）和ESP值降低。在0.05水平的最小显著差异检验证实了该结果。看到不同处理对土壤性质有如此显著的影响很有意思。预测模型表明，ESP的盐碱土处理效果（R = 0.95）决定了从交换位点置换Ex. Na的最佳改良水平。仅施用石膏时，使用盐碱土处理水平的ESP最佳估计模型为ESP = 1.65 - 0.33 GYP；石膏和农家肥联合施用时，ESP = 1.65 - 0.33 GYP + 0.28 FYM。
研究发现，在农业中，石膏和农家肥联合施用可使ESP降低至10%以下，但需要进一步研究以确定它们在田间水平的有效性。
