Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Dec 1;238(Pt 2):116989. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116989. Epub 2023 Aug 24.
The cardiovascular diseases have been among the most common malignancies and the first leading cause of death, even higher than cancer. The cardiovascular diseases can be developed as a result of cardiac dysfunction and damages to heart tissue. Exposure to toxic agents and chemicals that induce cardiac dysfunction has been of interest in recent years. The chemotherapy drugs are commonly used for cancer therapy and in these patients, cardiovascular diseases have been widely observed that is due to negative impact of chemotherapy drugs on the heart. These drugs increase oxidative damage and inflammation, and mediate apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Hence, nanotechnological approaches have been emerged as new strategies in attenuation of chemotherapy-mediated cardiotoxicity. The first advantage of nanoparticles can be explored in targeted and selective delivery of drugs to reduce their accumulation in heart tissue. Nanostructures can deliver bioactive and therapeutic compounds in reducing cardiotoxicity and alleviation toxic impacts of chemotherapy drugs. The functionalization of nanostructures increases their selectivity against tumor cells and reduces accumulation of drugs in heart tissue. The bioplatforms such as chitosan and alginate nanostructures can also deliver chemotherapy drugs and reduce their cardiotoxicity. The function of nanostructures is versatile in reduction of cardiotoxicity by chemotherapy drugs and new kind of platforms is hydrogels that can mediate sustained release of drug to reduce its toxic impacts on heart tissue. The various kinds of nanoplatforms have been developed for alleviation of cardiotoxicity and their future clinical application depends on their biocompatibility. High concentration level of chitosan nanoparticles can stimulate cardiotoxicity. Therefore, if nanotechnology is going to be deployed for drug delivery and reducing cardiotoxicity, the first pre-requirement is to lack toxicity on normal cells and have high biocompatibility.
心血管疾病一直是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是死亡的首要原因，甚至高于癌症。心血管疾病可因心脏功能障碍和心肌损伤而发生。近年来，人们对导致心脏功能障碍的毒性物质和化学物质的暴露产生了兴趣。化疗药物通常用于癌症治疗，而在这些患者中，广泛观察到心血管疾病，这是由于化疗药物对心脏的负面影响。这些药物会增加氧化损伤和炎症，并介导细胞凋亡和心脏功能障碍。因此，纳米技术已成为减轻化疗引起的心脏毒性的新策略。纳米颗粒的第一个优势可以在靶向和选择性药物传递中得到探索，以减少它们在心脏组织中的积累。纳米结构可以输送生物活性和治疗性化合物，以减轻心脏毒性并减轻化疗药物的毒性影响。纳米结构的功能化可以提高其对肿瘤细胞的选择性，并减少药物在心脏组织中的积累。生物平台，如壳聚糖和海藻酸钠纳米结构，也可以输送化疗药物并降低其心脏毒性。纳米结构的功能在减轻化疗药物引起的心脏毒性方面具有多功能性，新的平台是水凝胶，可以介导药物的持续释放，以降低其对心脏组织的毒性影响。已经开发出各种纳米平台来减轻心脏毒性，其未来的临床应用取决于它们的生物相容性。壳聚糖纳米颗粒的高浓度水平会刺激心脏毒性。因此，如果要将纳米技术用于药物输送和减轻心脏毒性，首先需要的是对正常细胞没有毒性，并且具有高生物相容性。
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