Department of Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Economics and Governance, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2023;197:3-9. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821375-9.00018-9.
Crime is a complex phenomenon involving many factors, among which are situational and societal factors. What counts as a crime may also vary across space and time. Often, it is the interplay of several factors that may lead to criminal behavior. Scientifically, brain function is important to consider, first of all because the brain is central to behavior as such, including criminal behavior. Second, because there is increasing evidence for the relevance of specific brain dysfunctions in some criminal behavior, particularly developmental findings related to nonadaptive behavior. Many of our behavioral tendencies are rooted in our childhood (experiences), and this, it appears, is also, at least to some extent, true for nonadaptive behavior. This chapter considers several overarching issues regarding the relationship between-and the science of-brain and crime, some from a conceptual, some from a legal, and others from a developmental perspective.
犯罪是一种涉及许多因素的复杂现象，其中包括情境因素和社会因素。什么算作犯罪，在不同的时间和地点也可能有所不同。通常，是几个因素的相互作用可能导致犯罪行为。从科学的角度来看，大脑功能是需要考虑的重要因素，首先，因为大脑是行为的核心，包括犯罪行为。其次，因为越来越多的证据表明，特定的大脑功能障碍与某些犯罪行为有关，特别是与非适应性行为有关的发展发现。我们的许多行为倾向都植根于我们的童年（经历），而且，至少在某种程度上，非适应性行为也是如此。这一章考虑了几个关于大脑与犯罪之间的关系以及大脑与犯罪的科学的总体问题，有些是从概念上，有些是从法律上，还有些是从发展的角度。
