Pajurek M, Mikolajczyk S, Warenik-Bany M
Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 10;903:166590. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166590. Epub 2023 Aug 25.
This study determines the levels of 49 persistent organic pollutants which were grouped into polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs), in infant formula and varieties of baby food. The analyzed samples (n = 80) came from stores all over Poland. The presence of PCDD/F, PCDD/F/PCB and non dioxin-like (ndl)-PCB congeners above the maximum levels stipulated in Commission Regulation (EU) No 1259/2011 was not detected in any sample. The determined average content of PCDD/Fs/dl-PCBs in the tested baby foods was in the range of 4-10 % of the maximum level, and content of ndl-PCBs was in the range of 2-6 % of the maximum level. Despite these low levels of dioxins, furans, and PCBs, a risk analysis assuming weekly consumption of the recommended food intake showed exceedances of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI). The content of flame retardants was low in all examined categories of food for children and infant formula. The lower-bound concentration of the sum of HBCDD isomers (LB ∑HBCDDs) ranged from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 0.0313 ng/g w.w. and the concentration of ∑PBDEs was in a 0.001-1.014 ng/g w.w. range. Neither infant formula nor baby food contributed considerably to infant exposure to HBCDDs or PBDEs. Our research indicates that the safe exposure thresholds for dioxins and PCBs in foods for infants and young children may be too high and perhaps it may be necessary to amend the legislation setting acceptable limits for baby food. It seems reasonable to introduce a recommendation on the frequency of food consumption for children and the control of raw materials for food production, in particular fish and cow milk, should be a permanent control point in the food safety assurance system.
本研究测定了婴儿配方奶粉和各类婴儿食品中49种持久性有机污染物的含量，这些污染物分为多氯代二苯并 - 对 - 二噁英（PCDDs）、多氯代二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDDs）。分析的样本（n = 80）来自波兰各地的商店。在任何样本中均未检测到超过欧盟委员会法规（EU）No 1259/2011规定的最大限量的PCDD/F、PCDD/F/PCB和非二噁英类（ndl）-PCB同系物。测试的婴儿食品中PCDD/Fs/dl-PCBs的测定平均含量在最大限量的4 - 10%范围内，ndl-PCBs的含量在最大限量的2 - 6%范围内。尽管二噁英、呋喃和多氯联苯的含量较低，但假设每周按照推荐的食物摄入量食用进行的风险分析表明，超过了每周耐受摄入量（TWI）。在所有检测的儿童食品类别和婴儿配方奶粉中，阻燃剂的含量较低。六溴环十二烷异构体总和的下限浓度（LB∑HBCDDs）范围从低于定量限（LOQ）到0.0313 ng/g湿重，∑PBDEs的浓度在0.001 - 1.014 ng/g湿重范围内。婴儿配方奶粉和婴儿食品对婴儿接触六溴环十二烷或多溴二苯醚的贡献都不大。我们的研究表明，婴幼儿食品中二噁英和多氯联苯的安全接触阈值可能过高，或许有必要修订设定婴儿食品可接受限量的法规。针对儿童食品消费频率提出建议似乎是合理的，并且食品生产原料（特别是鱼类和牛奶）的控制应成为食品安全保障体系中的一个常设控制点。
