ANSES, Risk Assessment Department (DER), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France.
CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, F-57070, Metz, France.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2020 May;139:111292. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111292. Epub 2020 Mar 21.
A total diet study (TDS) was conducted between 2010 and 2016 to characterize the health risk related to chemical residues in food of French not breastfed children under three years of age (infant TDS). Among the targeted substances, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been characterized as they accumulate through the food chain, especially in lipid-rich food items, and because they have been associated with a number of adverse effects in humans. Food samples (n = 180) were collected to be representative of the dioxins and PCB exposure through the whole diet of non-breastfed children from 1 to 36 months old and prepared as consumed (including cooking) prior to analysis. Dietary exposure was then assessed for 705 representative children under 3 years of age based on their food consumptions recorded through a 3-consecutive-days record. Levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in infant food were lower than those observed in common food, leading to significant differences in exposure according to age groups. Mean exposures to PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.22 to 0.44 pg TEQ.kg bw.d (0.40-0.65 at the 90th percentile), depending on the age group and the hypothesis considered to manage left-censored data. Mean exposure to non-dioxin-like PCBs ranged from 0.87 ng kg bw.d (1.55 at the 90th percentile) in the 1-4 months old children to 3.53 ng kg bw.d (5.44 at the 90th percentile) in the 13-36 months old children. For dioxins and NDL-PCBs, the tolerable daily intake (TDI) was exceeded for some age groups, in particular for older ones. Therefore, appropriate management measures must continue for reducing exposure; it concerns mainly common milk in youngest children, ultra-fresh dairy products and fish. For PCBs, recommendations on fish consumption should be reminded. Moreover, toxicity studies focusing on mixtures of dioxin-like compounds should be encouraged in order to take into account effect of mixtures.
一项针对法国非母乳喂养的三岁以下儿童（婴儿 TDS）的饮食研究（TDS）于 2010 年至 2016 年进行，以评估与食物链中化学残留物相关的健康风险。在目标物质中，多氯二苯并对二恶英（PCDDs）、多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）已被定性为它们通过食物链积累，尤其是在富含脂肪的食物中，并且因为它们与人类的许多不良影响有关。采集了 180 个食物样本，以代表非母乳喂养的 1 至 36 个月大的儿童通过整个饮食接触二恶英和 PCB，并且在分析前按照食用方式（包括烹饪）进行准备。然后，根据通过连续三天记录的食物消耗情况，对 705 名三岁以下的代表性儿童进行了膳食暴露评估。婴儿食品中的 PCDD/Fs 和 PCBs 水平低于常见食品中的水平，导致根据年龄组暴露情况存在显著差异。PCDD/Fs 的平均暴露量范围为 0.22 至 0.44 pg TEQ.kg bw.d（0.40-0.65 在第 90 百分位数），这取决于年龄组和管理左删失数据的假设。非二恶英类 PCBs 的平均暴露量范围为 1-4 个月大的儿童 0.87ng kg bw.d（第 90 百分位数为 1.55）至 13-36 个月大的儿童 3.53ng kg bw.d（第 90 百分位数为 5.44）。对于二恶英和非二恶英类 PCBs，某些年龄组的可耐受每日摄入量（TDI）超过了标准，特别是对于年龄较大的儿童。因此，必须继续采取适当的管理措施来减少暴露；这主要涉及到婴儿期的普通牛奶、超新鲜乳制品和鱼类。应提醒人们注意有关鱼类消费的建议。此外，应鼓励开展针对二恶英类化合物混合物的毒性研究，以考虑混合物的影响。
