Soni Ankita, Roy Rikta, Gupta Yamini
Jaipur, Rajasthan India.
Dehradun, Uttarakhand India.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023 Sep;75(3):1421-1428. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-03578-8. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
A foreign body(FB) is any object in a region it is not meant to be, where it can cause harm by its mere presence if immediate medical attention is not sought. Foreign body is particularly common in the pediatric population especially below 5 years of age and in whom prevalence was reported to vary between 57% and 80%. Endoscopic interventions are indicated when the foreign objects fail to pass spontaneously. The standard methods to remove these foreign bodies include push technique and retrieval methods using various endoscopic instruments. Study of 302 patients admitted with the final diagnosis of esophageal foreign body during January 2017 - April 2018, for sex, age, diagnosis on admission, estimated duration and site of impaction, type and number of foreign body removed. During the study period, 302 patients (169 males and 133 females) of different ages, maximum in the age group of 1-5 years i.e 197 cases were admitted with the diagnosis of esophageal foreign body. 11% of patients were less than 1 year of age & 23% were more than 5 years of age at the time of admission. Most of them presented to hospital within 24 hours of ingestion of foreign body i.e 85%. In this study all the children with suspected foreign body esophagus underwent Xray and FB was found in 300/302 i.e its diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity) is 98%. Rigid esophagoscopy was done in all 302 pts with 100% diagnostic accuracy. Different types of foreign bodies ingested most common being coin i.e in 91% patients followed by FB battery in 17 patients and safety pin in 6 patients. Majority of foreign bodies were located in the cricopharynx (198) followed by upper esophagus (67) and mid-esophagus (25) and only 10 cases involved the lower esophagus and spontaneous passage was found in 2 cases. The most common foreign bodies in children are coins and toys. Sharp foreign bodies are difficult to remove but need to be removed carefully at the earliest to prevent dreaded complications like - retropharyngeal abscess and mediastinitis.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03578-8.
异物（FB）是指处于非其应在部位的任何物体，若不立即寻求医疗救治，其存在本身即可造成伤害。异物在儿童群体中尤为常见，特别是5岁以下儿童，据报道该年龄段的患病率在57%至80%之间。当异物无法自行排出时，需进行内镜干预。取出这些异物的标准方法包括推送技术以及使用各种内镜器械的取出方法。对2017年1月至2018年4月期间最终诊断为食管异物入院的302例患者，就性别、年龄、入院诊断、估计滞留时间和嵌顿部位、取出的异物类型和数量进行了研究。在研究期间，302例患者（169例男性和133例女性）年龄各异，其中1 - 5岁年龄组人数最多，即197例患者被诊断为食管异物入院。11%的患者入院时年龄小于1岁，23%的患者年龄大于5岁。大多数患者在摄入异物后24小时内入院，即85%。在本研究中，所有疑似食管异物的儿童均接受了X线检查，302例中有300例发现了异物，即其诊断准确性（敏感性）为98%。所有302例患者均进行了硬式食管镜检查，诊断准确性为100%。摄入的异物类型各异，最常见的是硬币，91%的患者为硬币，其次是17例电池异物和6例安全别针异物。大多数异物位于环咽肌处（198例），其次是食管上段（67例）和食管中段（25例），仅10例涉及食管下段，2例异物自行排出。儿童中最常见的异物是硬币和玩具。尖锐异物难以取出，但需尽早小心取出，以防止诸如咽后脓肿和纵隔炎等可怕的并发症。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s12070-023-03578-8获取的补充材料。
