Batth Simrat K, Singh Gurkaranvir
Medicine, Elmhurst Hospital Centre (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), New York, USA.
Medicine, Government Medical College Amritsar, Amritsar, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Jul 25;15(7):e42446. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42446. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Tracheostomy can lead to various complications, one of which is ectopic air in different compartments of the body. Here, we present a rare case of tracheostomy-induced ectopic air: a combination of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum. This case also presents a literature review on some of the common mechanisms responsible for pneumomediastinum following tracheostomy and the mechanism of pneumoperitoneum following pneumomediastinum. Tracheal injury, tube-related complications, and alveolar rupture are common mechanisms that can lead to pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema after tracheostomy. Air can then dissect into the abdomen leading to pneumoperitoneum. Knowledge of the anatomic or embryologic development of the thoracoabdominal continuum can help understand the spread of air from one compartment to another. Investigation as simple as a chest X-ray, along with clinical features, can help identify these complications and be used to monitor the course.
气管切开术可导致多种并发症，其中之一是身体不同腔隙出现异位气体。在此，我们报告一例罕见的气管切开术所致异位气体病例：皮下气肿、纵隔气肿和气腹的组合。该病例还对气管切开术后纵隔气肿的一些常见机制以及纵隔气肿后气腹的机制进行了文献综述。气管损伤、与导管相关的并发症以及肺泡破裂是气管切开术后可导致纵隔气肿和皮下气肿的常见机制。然后空气可扩散至腹部导致气腹。了解胸腹部连续结构的解剖或胚胎发育有助于理解气体从一个腔隙扩散到另一个腔隙的过程。像胸部X线这样简单的检查，结合临床特征，有助于识别这些并发症并用于监测病程。
