Padhan Satish C, Pradhan Pranati, Panda Bharati, Pradhan Subrat K, Mishra Sanjeeb K
Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sambalpur, IND.
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sambalpur, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Jul 27;15(7):e42543. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42543. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Introduction Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder and is one of the leading causes of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in India and worldwide. Evidence of the association between various risk factors and pre-eclampsia is scarce in developing countries. As pre-eclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, focusing on the causes and risk factors of pre-eclampsia during antenatal surveillance would prevent maternal deaths and reduce the maternal mortality rate. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors of pre-eclampsia. Materials and methods An unmatched case-control study was conducted at Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (VIMSAR), Burla, Odisha, taking 100 cases of pre-eclampsia and 100 controls without pre-eclampsia from January 2021 to January 2023. The study population included patients admitted to the Obstetrics & Gynecology labor room. Study participants were selected randomly from the labor room thrice weekly. Data were collected using a predesigned pre-tested questionnaire and case report format. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Appropriate statistical tests (Odds ratio, proportions, Chi-square test) were applied, and the final interpretation was made. Results Family history of hypertension (AOR = 4.2), history of chronic hypertension (AOR = 13.7), and AB blood group (AOR = 3.6) were found to be significant risk factors for pre-eclampsia. No significant association was found between pre-eclampsia and factors such as mother's age, caste, mother's education, type of family, socioeconomic status, education and occupation of husband, family history of diabetes mellitus, parity, history of abortion, and anemia. Conclusion Risk factors identified in the present study can be used to identify women at risk of pre-eclampsia during antenatal check-ups to minimize the complications of pre-eclampsia in both the mother and the fetus.
引言
子痫前期是一种妊娠期特有的高血压疾病，是印度乃至全球孕产妇和婴儿发病及死亡的主要原因之一。在发展中国家，各种风险因素与子痫前期之间关联的证据很少。由于子痫前期仍然是孕产妇死亡和发病的主要原因，在产前监测中关注子痫前期的病因和风险因素将预防孕产妇死亡并降低孕产妇死亡率。我们的研究旨在确定子痫前期的风险因素。
材料与方法
在奥里萨邦伯勒的维尔·苏伦德拉·赛义医学科学与研究学院（VIMSAR）进行了一项非匹配病例对照研究，从2021年1月至2023年1月选取了100例子痫前期病例和100例无子痫前期的对照。研究人群包括入住妇产科产房的患者。研究参与者每周三次从产房随机选取。数据通过预先设计并经过预测试的问卷和病例报告格式收集。使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows 26版（2019年发布；IBM公司，美国纽约州阿蒙克）进行数据分析。应用了适当的统计检验（比值比、比例、卡方检验）并进行了最终解读。
结果
高血压家族史（调整后比值比[AOR]=4.2）、慢性高血压病史（AOR = 13.7）和AB血型（AOR = 3.6）被发现是子痫前期的显著风险因素。子痫前期与母亲年龄、种姓、母亲教育程度、家庭类型、社会经济地位、丈夫的教育程度和职业、糖尿病家族史、产次、流产史和贫血等因素之间未发现显著关联。
结论
本研究确定的风险因素可用于在产前检查中识别有子痫前期风险的女性，以尽量减少子痫前期对母亲和胎儿的并发症。
