Starzl T E, Koep L J, Halgrimson C G, Hood J, Schroter G P, Porter K A, Weil R
Gastroenterology. 1979 Aug;77(2):375-88.
Liver transplantation in humans was first attempted more than 15 yr ago. The 1-yr survival has slowly improved until it has now reached about 50%. In our experience, 46 patients have lived for at least 1 yr, with the longest survival being 9 yr. The high acute mortality in early trials was due in many cases to technical and management errors and to the use of damaged organs. With elimination of such factors, survival increased. Further improvements will depend upon better immunosuppression. Orthotopic liver transplantation (liver replacement) is the preferred operation in most cases, but placement of an extra liver (auxiliary transplantation) may have a role under special circumstances.
人类肝脏移植早在15年多以前就首次尝试进行。1年生存率在缓慢提高，目前已达到约50%。根据我们的经验，46例患者存活至少1年，最长存活时间为9年。早期试验中急性死亡率高在很多情况下是由于技术和管理失误以及使用受损器官。随着这些因素的消除，生存率提高了。进一步的改善将取决于更好的免疫抑制。在大多数情况下，原位肝移植（肝脏置换）是首选手术，但在特殊情况下，额外肝脏的植入（辅助移植）可能会发挥作用。
