Clinical Psychology Section, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
J Pers Assess. 2024 Jul-Aug;106(4):532-545. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2244074. Epub 2023 Aug 28.
Traditionally, narcissistic characteristics are considered relatively stable, although clinical accounts and recent research show that additional narcissistic states are variable and fluctuate in actuality. Narcissism research tends to focus on cross-sectional, group-based, trait approaches. Momentary ecological assessments allow one to discover individuals' true colors by observing narcissistic experiences while they unfold in real-time and real-world settings. Within momentary ecological assessments, inspecting single cases enables insight into individual dynamics and presentations. Consequently, this research collected grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic trait and state data 10 times a day for 6 days. Based on the highest trait scores, two individual cases are presented per category: predominantly grandiose narcissistic, predominantly vulnerable narcissistic, and combined narcissistic. Overall, the descriptions provide evidence for the dynamics within and between grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic states. Further, broad patterns for each narcissistic dimension were uncovered, in which the grandiose subdimension experienced mainly grandiosity, and the vulnerable and combined subdimensions experienced both grandiosity and vulnerability. Out of the three, the combined subdimension experienced the highest instability and levels of daily vulnerability. However, each individual case showed unique fluctuation patterns that highlight the importance of personalized, real-life assessments in research and clinical care.
传统上，自恋特征被认为是相对稳定的，尽管临床描述和最近的研究表明，额外的自恋状态是可变的，实际上是波动的。自恋研究倾向于关注横断面、基于群体的特质方法。瞬时生态评估通过观察自恋体验在实时和现实环境中的展开，使人们能够发现个体的真实色彩。在瞬时生态评估中，检查单个案例可以深入了解个体的动态和表现。因此，这项研究每天进行 10 次，持续 6 天，收集了浮夸和脆弱的自恋特质和状态数据。基于最高的特质得分，每个类别呈现两个个体案例：主要是浮夸的自恋、主要是脆弱的自恋和混合的自恋。总体而言，这些描述为浮夸和脆弱的自恋状态提供了内部和之间动态的证据。此外，还揭示了每个自恋维度的广泛模式，其中浮夸的子维度主要体验到浮夸，脆弱和混合的子维度同时体验到浮夸和脆弱。在这三个子维度中，混合子维度经历了最高的不稳定性和日常脆弱性水平。然而，每个个体案例都表现出独特的波动模式，强调了在研究和临床护理中进行个性化、现实生活评估的重要性。
