Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country.
Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2023 Aug 29;18(11):1357-1361. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0133. Print 2023 Nov 1.
Total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass) and blood volume (BV) are important determinants of maximal oxygen uptake and endurance capacity. Higher-caliber endurance athletes usually possess higher tHbmass and BV values. This study aimed to compare tHbmass and BV among swimmers of diverse competitive calibers and distances.
Thirty swimmers (16 female and 14 male) participated in the study: 3 were tier 5, world class (869 [59] FINA points); 15 were tier 4, elite/international (853 [38] points); and 12 were tier 3, highly trained/national (808 [35] points). They specialized in competition distances ranging from 200 m to open-water 10 km. Between February 2019 and February 2020, all swimmers had their tHbmass and BV measured by carbon monoxide rebreathing 1 to 6 times and participated in multiple competitions and race events.
Relative tHbmass and BV were not different (P > .05) between tiers among women or among men (pooled tHbmass values 14.5 [0.5], 12.5 [1.5], 12.6 [2.3] g/kg for tier 5, tier 4, and tier 3, respectively). No differences were observed in relative tHbmass (P = .215) and BV (P = .458) between pool and open-water swimmers or between 200-, 400-, and 1500-m specialists (P > .05). No significant correlations were found between the highest measured absolute or relative tHbmass and BV and the highest FINA points scored over the follow-up period (R = -.42-.17, P = .256-.833), irrespective of competition distance.
tHbmass and BV values did not differ between swimmers of different calibers or among competition distances. Furthermore, these values did not correlate with FINA points, either in males or in females. The present results indicate that hematological characteristics may have a lesser impact on swimming performance than on land-based endurance sports.
总血红蛋白质量（tHbmass）和血容量（BV）是最大摄氧量和耐力能力的重要决定因素。更高水平的耐力运动员通常具有更高的 tHbmass 和 BV 值。本研究旨在比较不同竞技水平和距离的游泳运动员的 tHbmass 和 BV。
30 名游泳运动员（16 名女性和 14 名男性）参加了这项研究：3 名为 5 级，世界级（869[59]FINA 分）；15 名为 4 级，精英/国际级（853[38]分）；12 名为 3 级，高度训练/国家级（808[35]分）。他们专门从事 200 米至公开水域 10 公里的比赛。在 2019 年 2 月至 2020 年 2 月期间，所有游泳运动员都通过一氧化碳再呼吸 1 到 6 次测量了他们的 tHbmass 和 BV，并参加了多次比赛和竞赛。
女性或男性之间的不同级别之间的相对 tHbmass 和 BV 没有差异（P>0.05）（分别为 5 级、4 级和 3 级的 14.5[0.5]、12.5[1.5]和 12.6[2.3]g/kg）。在相对 tHbmass（P=0.215）和 BV（P=0.458）方面，游泳池和公开水域游泳运动员之间、200 米、400 米和 1500 米专家之间均无差异（P>0.05）。在整个随访期间，最高测量的绝对或相对 tHbmass 和 BV 与最高 FINA 得分之间没有显著相关性（R=-0.42 至-0.17，P=0.256 至 0.833），无论比赛距离如何（R=-0.42 至-0.17，P=0.256 至 0.833）。
不同水平或不同比赛距离的游泳运动员的 tHbmass 和 BV 值没有差异。此外，这些值与 FINA 得分也没有相关性，无论是在男性还是女性中。本研究结果表明，与陆基耐力运动相比，血液学特征对游泳表现的影响可能较小。
