Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil.
Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 29;18(21):11369. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111369.
In elite pool swimmers competing at world class level, mainly athletes from the United States of America and Australia are dominating. Little is known, however, for the nationality of dominating swimmers in elite open-water long-distance swimming races such as the official FINA races over 5 km, 10 km and 25 km-held since 2000. The aim of this study was to investigate the participation and performance trends by nationality of these elite open-water swimmers. Race results from all female and male swimmers competing in 5 km, 10 km and 25 km FINA races between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed. A total of 9819 swimmers competed between 2000 and 2020 in these races. The five countries that figure most times among the top ten in 5 km, 10 km and 25 km races over the years were Italy, Germany, Russia, Brazil and the Netherlands. In 10 km races, considering the all the athletes from each country, male athletes from Germany, Italy, and France presented faster race times than the other countries. In 10 km, female athletes presented no significant difference among the countries. In 5 and 25 km races, there were no differences between countries, for male and female athletes. Moreover, comparing only the 10 best results (top 10) from each country, there were no differences between countries in 5 km, 10 km and 25 km, for male and female athletes. Men were faster than women for all three distances. In summary, male swimmers from Europe (i.e., Germany, Italy, France) are dominating the 10 km FINA races. In the 5 km and 25 km FINA races, there is no dominating nationality, but among the top five countries in the top 10 over the years, three are European countries.
在世界级水平的精英泳池游泳运动员中，主要来自美国和澳大利亚的运动员占据主导地位。然而，在精英公开水域长距离游泳比赛中，如自 2000 年以来举行的官方国际泳联 5 公里、10 公里和 25 公里比赛中，主导游泳运动员的国籍却鲜为人知。本研究旨在调查这些精英公开水域游泳运动员的参赛和表现趋势。分析了 2000 年至 2020 年间所有参加 5 公里、10 公里和 25 公里国际泳联比赛的男女游泳运动员的比赛成绩。在这些比赛中，共有 9819 名游泳运动员参加了 2000 年至 2020 年的比赛。多年来，在 5 公里、10 公里和 25 公里比赛中，排名前十的国家中出现次数最多的五个国家是意大利、德国、俄罗斯、巴西和荷兰。在 10 公里比赛中，考虑到每个国家的所有运动员，来自德国、意大利和法国的男运动员比其他国家的运动员速度更快。在 10 公里比赛中，各国女运动员之间没有显著差异。在 5 公里和 25 公里比赛中，男女运动员之间没有国家差异。此外，仅比较每个国家的前 10 名（前 10 名）最佳成绩，男女运动员在 5 公里、10 公里和 25 公里比赛中，各国之间没有差异。男子在所有三个距离上都比女子快。总的来说，来自欧洲（即德国、意大利、法国）的男游泳运动员主导着 10 公里国际泳联比赛。在 5 公里和 25 公里国际泳联比赛中，没有主导的国籍，但在过去几年的前 10 名中，排名前五的国家中有三个是欧洲国家。
