Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, Thal University Bhakkar, Punjab, 30000, Bhakkar, Pakistan.
J Fluoresc. 2024 Jul;34(4):1493-1525. doi: 10.1007/s10895-023-03387-w. Epub 2023 Aug 30.
Sensors play a critical role in the detection and monitoring of various substances present in our environment, providing us with valuable information about the world around us. Within the field of sensor development, one area that holds particular importance is the detection of small molecules. Small molecules encompass a wide range of organic or inorganic compounds with low molecular weight, typically below 900 Daltons including gases, volatile organic compounds, solvents, pesticides, drugs, biomarkers, toxins, and pollutants. The accurate and efficient detection of these small molecules has attracted significant interest from the scientific community due to its relevance in diverse fields such as environmental pollutants monitoring, medical diagnostics, industrial optimization, healthcare remedies, food safety, ecosystems, and aquatic and terrestrial life preservation. To meet the demand for precise and efficient monitoring of small molecules, this summary aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in sensing and quantification strategies for various organic small molecules including Hydrazine, Glucose, Morpholine, Ethanol amine, Nitrosamine, Oxygen, Nitro-aromatics, Phospholipids, Carbohydrates, Antibiotics, Pesticides, Drugs, Adenosine Triphosphate, Aromatic Amine, Glutathione, Hydrogen Peroxide, Acetone, Methyl Parathion, and Thiophenol. The focus is on understanding the receptor sensing mechanism, along with the electrical, optical, and electrochemical response. Additionally, the variations in UV-visible spectral properties of the ligands upon treatment with the receptor, fluorescence and absorption titration analysis for limit of detection (LOD) determination, and bioimaging analysis are discussed wherever applicable. It is anticipated that the information gathered from this literature survey will be helpful for the perusal of innovation regarding sensing strategies.
传感器在检测和监测我们环境中存在的各种物质方面发挥着关键作用，为我们提供了有关周围世界的有价值信息。在传感器开发领域，一个特别重要的领域是小分子的检测。小分子涵盖了广泛的具有低分子量的有机或无机化合物，通常低于 900 道尔顿，包括气体、挥发性有机化合物、溶剂、农药、药物、生物标志物、毒素和污染物。由于其在环境污染物监测、医学诊断、工业优化、医疗保健、食品安全、生态系统以及水生和陆地生物保护等多个领域的相关性，这些小分子的准确和高效检测引起了科学界的极大兴趣。为了满足对小分子精确和高效监测的需求，本摘要旨在概述用于各种有机小分子（包括肼、葡萄糖、吗啉、乙醇胺、亚硝胺、氧气、硝基芳烃、磷脂、碳水化合物、抗生素、农药、药物、三磷酸腺苷、芳香胺、谷胱甘肽、过氧化氢、丙酮、甲基对硫磷和噻吩酚）的传感和定量策略的最新进展。重点是了解受体传感机制以及电、光和电化学响应。此外，还讨论了配体与受体作用后紫外-可见光谱性质的变化、荧光和吸收滴定分析用于确定检测限 (LOD) 以及生物成像分析（在适用的情况下）。预计从本次文献调查中收集到的信息将有助于对传感策略的创新进行研究。
