Gulmez Seckin Baris, Topal Alp Eren, Rumelili Bahar
Department of International Relations, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
Department of Political and Social Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Open Res Eur. 2023 Jul 26;3:120. doi: 10.12688/openreseurope.16176.1. eCollection 2023.
This research aims to offer a valid answer to the question of how Turks and Europeans perceived each other in cultural and identity terms throughout history. With this purpose, it makes a thorough analytical review of the extant scholarly literature on identity relations between Turkey and Europe. There is an evident lack of scholarly attention on the evolution of mutual representations comparatively in the . Most scholarly works focus on specific periods of time and investigate either how Turks view Europe or visa-versa. This systematic review provides the basis for an evolutionary analysis of mutual identity representations between Turkey and Europe over more than a two-hundred-year period. The period under focus starts with the French Revolution (1789) triggering intensive identity debates between Ottomans and Europeans and lasts until mid-2010s when bilateral relations between Turkey and the European Union went into disarray. This long period has been divided into four shorter periods each starting and ending with a remarkable event in world politics or bilateral relations. The study examines each period in relation to four focal issues, namely, nationalism, civilization, status in international society, and state-citizen relations generating intensive identity discussions in both Turkey and Europe. The article first presents the key findings of the relevant literature on European representations of Turkey and on Turkish representations of Europe in the four historical periods. Then it scrutinizes the extant literature on each period with respect to the four focal issues. Overall, the study, through a comprehensive literature review, demonstrates the ways in which mutual identity representations in Turkey and Europe have been contested over a two-hundred-year period.
本研究旨在为土耳其人和欧洲人在历史上如何从文化和身份角度看待彼此这一问题提供一个有效的答案。为此，它对现有的关于土耳其与欧洲身份关系的学术文献进行了全面的分析性综述。相对而言，学术界明显缺乏对相互认知演变的关注。大多数学术著作聚焦于特定时间段，要么研究土耳其人如何看待欧洲，要么反之。这一系统性综述为对土耳其与欧洲在两百多年间相互身份认知的演变分析提供了基础。所关注的时间段始于法国大革命（1789年）引发奥斯曼帝国与欧洲人之间激烈的身份辩论，一直持续到21世纪10年代中期，此时土耳其与欧盟的双边关系陷入混乱。这一漫长时期被划分为四个较短的阶段，每个阶段都以世界政治或双边关系中的一个重大事件开始和结束。该研究围绕四个焦点问题审视每个阶段，这四个焦点问题分别是民族主义、文明、在国际社会中的地位以及国家与公民的关系，这些问题在土耳其和欧洲都引发了激烈的身份讨论。本文首先呈现四个历史时期内关于欧洲对土耳其的认知以及土耳其对欧洲的认知的相关文献的关键发现。然后，它针对四个焦点问题仔细研究了每个时期的现有文献。总体而言，该研究通过全面的文献综述，展示了土耳其和欧洲在两百年间相互身份认知是如何受到争议的。
