The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom; Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitatsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom.
Water Res. 2023 Oct 1;244:120501. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120501. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
Wastewater treatment plants are a major source of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment; moreover, long chain PFAS are known to accumulate in sewage sludge. Although publications on PFAS in wastewater are available from around the globe, little information is available from Central Europe. In this study influent, effluent, and sludge from two wastewater treatment plants from Austria were analysed for target PFAS compounds with HPLC MS/MS and extractable organic fluorine (EOF) content with combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The sum of 31 target PFAS increased from 22 to 47 ng L in influent to 140 - 213 ng L in effluent and around 10 ng g in sludge, while EOF were found to be consistent (2.3 - 3.5 µg F L) in influent/effluent and 280 ng F g in sludge. Mass balance analysis showed an increase in the identified PFAS compounds in the effluent compared to the influent (from 0.9% - 1.3% to 3.6% - 6.1%), suggesting biotransformation of non-targeted PFAS precursor compounds. In conclusion, wastewater treatment plants transform some PFAS, and wastewater effluent is a source of PFAS contamination in surface water.
污水处理厂是环境中全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的主要来源；此外，长链 PFAS 已知会在污水污泥中积累。尽管全球都有关于污水中 PFAS 的出版物，但来自中欧的信息却很少。在这项研究中，对来自奥地利的两个污水处理厂的进水、出水和污泥进行了分析，以使用 HPLC-MS/MS 分析目标 PFAS 化合物，并使用燃烧离子色谱法 (CIC) 分析可提取有机氟 (EOF) 含量。31 种目标 PFAS 的总和从进水的 22 到 47ng/L 增加到出水的 140-213ng/L 和污泥中的 10ng/g，而 EOF 在进水/出水时保持一致（2.3-3.5μg F/L），在污泥中为 280ng F/g。质量平衡分析表明，与进水相比，出水中识别出的 PFAS 化合物有所增加（从 0.9%-1.3%增加到 3.6%-6.1%），这表明非目标 PFAS 前体化合物发生了生物转化。总之，污水处理厂会转化一些 PFAS，而废水是地表水 PFAS 污染的来源。
