Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS) Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
J Mater Chem B. 2023 Oct 6;11(38):9099-9127. doi: 10.1039/d3tb01221b.
Small biomolecules play a critical role in the fundamental processes that sustain life and are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. The detection of small biomolecules has garnered significant interest in various fields, including disease diagnosis and medicine. Electrochemical techniques are commonly employed in the detection of critical biomolecules through the principle of redox reactions. It is also a very convenient, cheap, simple, fast, and accurate measurement method in analytical chemistry. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a unique type of metal-organic framework (MOF) composed of porous crystals with extended three-dimensional structures. These frameworks are made up of metal ions and imidazolate linkers, which form a highly porous and stable structure. In addition to their many advantages in other applications, ZIFs have emerged as promising candidates for electrochemical sensors. Their large surface area, pore diameter, and stability make them ideal for use in sensing applications, particularly in the detection of small molecules and ions. This review summarizes the critical role of small biomolecules in the human body, the standard features of electrochemical analysis, and the utilization of various types of ZIF materials (including carbon composites, metal-based composites, ZIF polymer materials, and ZIF-derived materials) for the detection of important small biomolecules in human body fluids. Lastly, we provide an overview of the current status, challenges, and future outlook for research on ZIF materials.
小分子在维持生命的基本过程中起着至关重要的作用，是人体正常功能所必需的。小分子的检测在包括疾病诊断和医学在内的各个领域引起了极大的关注。电化学技术通常通过氧化还原反应的原理用于检测关键生物分子。它也是分析化学中一种非常方便、廉价、简单、快速和准确的测量方法。沸石咪唑酯骨架（ZIFs）是一种独特的金属有机骨架（MOF），由具有扩展三维结构的多孔晶体组成。这些骨架由金属离子和咪唑配体组成，形成了高度多孔和稳定的结构。除了在其他应用中具有许多优势外，ZIFs 还成为电化学传感器的有前途的候选材料。它们的大表面积、孔径和稳定性使它们成为传感应用的理想选择，特别是在小分子和离子的检测中。本综述总结了小分子在人体中的关键作用、电化学分析的标准特征以及各种类型的 ZIF 材料（包括碳复合材料、基于金属的复合材料、ZIF 聚合物材料和 ZIF 衍生材料）在检测人体液中重要小分子方面的应用。最后，我们概述了 ZIF 材料研究的现状、挑战和未来展望。
