Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran.
Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Medicinal Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran.
J Control Release. 2023 Jul;359:326-346. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.002. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), as a very well-known subset of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have attracted considerable attention in biomedicine due to their unique structural features such as tunable pore size, high surface area, high thermal stability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Moreover, it is possible to load a wide variety of therapeutic agents, drugs, and biomolecules into ZIF structures during the fabrication process owing to the ZIFs' porous structure and concise synthesis methods under mild conditions. This review focuses on the most recent advances in the bioinspiration of ZIFs and ZIF-integrated nanocomposites in boosting antibacterial efficiencies and regenerative medicine capabilities. The first part summarizes the various synthesis routes and physicochemical properties of ZIFs, including size, morphology, surface, and pore size. The recent advancements in the antibacterial aspects of using ZIFs and ZIF-integrated nanocomposites as carriers for antibacterial agents and drug cargo are elaborated. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanisms based on the factors affecting the antibacterial properties of ZIFs such as oxidative stress, internal and external triggers, the effect of metal ions, and their associated combined therapies, are discussed. The recent trends of ZIFs and their composites in tissue regeneration, especially bone regeneration and wound healing, are also reviewed with in-depth perspectives. Finally, the biological safety aspects of ZIFs, the latest reports about their toxicity, and the future prospects of these materials in regenerative medicine have been discussed.
沸石咪唑酯骨架（ZIFs）作为金属有机骨架（MOFs）的一个非常著名的子集，由于其独特的结构特征，如可调节的孔径、高比表面积、高热稳定性、生物降解性和生物相容性，在生物医学领域引起了相当大的关注。此外，由于 ZIFs 的多孔结构和温和条件下简洁的合成方法，可以在制备过程中将各种治疗剂、药物和生物分子载入 ZIF 结构中。本综述重点介绍了 ZIFs 和 ZIF 整合纳米复合材料在提高抗菌效率和再生医学能力方面的最新生物启发研究进展。第一部分总结了 ZIFs 的各种合成途径和物理化学性质，包括尺寸、形态、表面和孔径。详细阐述了使用 ZIFs 和 ZIF 整合纳米复合材料作为抗菌剂和药物载体的抗菌方面的最新进展。此外，还讨论了基于影响 ZIFs 抗菌性能的因素（如氧化应激、内外触发、金属离子的作用及其相关联合治疗）的抗菌机制。还从深入的角度综述了 ZIFs 及其复合材料在组织再生，特别是骨再生和伤口愈合方面的最新趋势。最后，讨论了 ZIFs 的生物学安全性方面、关于其毒性的最新报告以及这些材料在再生医学中的未来前景。
