Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2023 Oct;7(10):1633-1644. doi: 10.1038/s41559-023-02172-z. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
Human activities are causing global biotic redistribution, translocating species and providing them with opportunities to establish populations beyond their native ranges. Species originating from certain global regions, however, are disproportionately represented among naturalized aliens. The evolutionary imbalance hypothesis posits that differences in absolute fitness among biogeographic divisions determine outcomes when biotas mix. Here, we compile data from native and alien distributions for nearly the entire global seed plant flora and find that biogeographic conditions predicted to drive evolutionary imbalance act alongside climate and anthropogenic factors to shape flows of successful aliens among regional biotas. Successful aliens tend to originate from large, biodiverse regions that support abundant populations and where species evolve against a diverse backdrop of competitors and enemies. We also reveal that these same native distribution characteristics are shared among the plants that humans select for cultivation and economic use. In addition to influencing species' innate potentials as invaders, we therefore suggest that evolutionary imbalance shapes plants' relationships with humans, impacting which species are translocated beyond their native distributions.
人类活动正在导致全球生物重新分布，将物种迁移，并为它们提供了在原生范围以外建立种群的机会。然而，起源于某些全球区域的物种在归化的外来物种中不成比例地代表。进化失衡假说认为，生物地理区域之间绝对适应性的差异决定了生物群混合时的结果。在这里，我们为几乎整个全球种子植物群的本地和外来分布汇总了数据，发现预计会推动进化失衡的生物地理条件与气候和人为因素一起作用，塑造了成功的外来物种在区域生物群之间的流动。成功的外来物种往往来自生物多样性丰富、支持大量种群的大型地区，在这些地区，物种在多样化的竞争和敌对生物背景下进化。我们还揭示了这些相同的本地分布特征也存在于人类选择用于种植和经济用途的植物中。除了影响物种作为入侵物种的内在潜力之外，我们因此认为进化失衡塑造了植物与人类的关系，影响了哪些物种被转移到其原生分布范围之外。
