School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
Gerontologist. 2024 May 1;64(5). doi: 10.1093/geront/gnad123.
Aerobic exercise is a cost-effective intervention to improve arterial stiffness, but its effects on older people are unclear; this review aims to determine those effects.
Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of aerobic exercises. Backward and forward citations and clinical trial registries were also reviewed. Data were extracted and synthesized. A random-effects model was used in a meta-analysis. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were also assessed. The protocol of this review was registered (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022349494).
Eighteen studies (n = 775) were identified. Aerobic exercises included cycling, walking, swimming, standing core exercise, bench step exercise, aquarobic exercise, jogging, running, upper-limb cycling, and aquatic walking. Postintervention, improvements were seen in the pulse wave velocity (SMD9 = -0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI)-1.57 to -0.22), arterial velocity-pulse index (MD2 = -6.84, 95% CI -9.05 to -4.63), and arterial pressure-volume index (MD2 = -4.97, 95% CI -6.9 to -3.04), but not in the augmentation index, arterial compliance, or beta stiffness index. Exercise lasting >8 weeks but not 4-8 weeks significantly improved pulse wave velocity. Aerobic exercise had a beneficial effect on healthy older people but not on older people with disease. The overall risk of bias was high in 9 of the included studies, with some concerns in the remaining studies. The certainty of the evidence was very low.
Aerobic exercises, particularly those lasting >8 weeks, appear to be effective at improving pulse wave velocity in older people postintervention. Future trials with robust designs are needed.
有氧运动是一种具有成本效益的干预措施，可以改善动脉僵硬，但对于老年人的效果尚不清楚；本综述旨在确定其效果。
检索了五个数据库中关于有氧运动的随机对照试验。还回顾了回溯引文和临床试验注册处。提取和综合数据。使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。还评估了偏倚风险和证据的确定性。本综述的方案已在 PROSPERO 注册（注册号：CRD42022349494）。
确定了 18 项研究（n=775）。有氧运动包括骑自行车、步行、游泳、站立核心运动、长凳踏步运动、水中有氧运动、慢跑、跑步、上肢骑自行车和水中行走。干预后，脉搏波速度（SMD9=-0.89，95%置信区间[CI]：-1.57 至-0.22）、动脉速度-脉搏指数（MD2=-6.84，95%CI：-9.05 至-4.63）和动脉压容量指数（MD2=-4.97，95%CI：-6.9 至-3.04）均有改善，但动脉增强指数、动脉顺应性或β僵硬指数没有改善。持续时间超过 8 周但不超过 4-8 周的运动明显改善了脉搏波速度。有氧运动对健康老年人有益，但对患病老年人无益。纳入的 9 项研究中整体偏倚风险较高，其余研究存在一些担忧。证据的确定性非常低。
有氧运动，特别是持续时间超过 8 周的有氧运动，似乎可以有效改善老年人干预后的脉搏波速度。需要进行具有稳健设计的未来试验。
