The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Nat Commun. 2023 Sep 1;14(1):5329. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41074-3.
Dietary lipids can affect metabolic health through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, but the influence of lipid-microbiota interaction on liver steatosis is largely unknown. We investigate the impact of dietary lipids on human gut microbiota composition and the effects of microbiota-lipid interactions on steatosis in male mice. In humans, low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) is associated with increased microbial diversity independent of fiber intake. In mice, poorly absorbed dietary long-chain SFA, particularly stearic acid, induce a shift in bile acid profile and improved metabolism and steatosis. These benefits are dependent on the gut microbiota, as they are transmitted by microbial transfer. Diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective against steatosis but have minor influence on the microbiota. In summary, we find that diets enriched in poorly absorbed long-chain SFA modulate gut microbiota profiles independent of fiber intake, and this interaction is relevant to improve metabolism and decrease liver steatosis.
膳食脂质可以通过肠道微生物群介导的机制影响代谢健康，但脂质-微生物群相互作用对肝脂肪变性的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。我们研究了膳食脂质对人类肠道微生物群组成的影响，以及微生物群-脂质相互作用对雄性小鼠脂肪变性的影响。在人类中，摄入的饱和脂肪酸 (SFA) 较少与微生物多样性的增加有关，而与纤维的摄入量无关。在小鼠中，吸收不良的膳食长链 SFA，特别是硬脂酸，会导致胆汁酸谱的改变，并改善代谢和脂肪变性。这些益处依赖于肠道微生物群，因为它们可以通过微生物转移传递。富含多不饱和脂肪酸的饮食可以预防脂肪变性，但对微生物群的影响较小。总之，我们发现富含吸收不良的长链 SFA 的饮食可以独立于纤维摄入来调节肠道微生物群的组成，这种相互作用与改善代谢和减少肝脂肪变性有关。
