Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Kesmonds International University, Goundere, Cameroon.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang-Cameroon, Dschang, Cameroon.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Sep 1;23(1):1693. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16609-4.
Routine immunisation coverage in Cameroon is still below the target of the national Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI), with only 42% of children fully immunised according to Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) report in 2018. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with full immunisation and zero-dose in Cameroonian children.
A two-stage cross-sectional cluster survey was conducted in Yaoundé in November 2021, targeting children aged 12-59 months. The clusters were chosen with probability proportionate to population size (PPS), and households selected by restricted sampling technique. Data were collected from the vaccination card of the child or from parents' recall, if the card was not available, using electronic forms with tablets. Using R (version 4.1.0.), the proportion of fully immunised children was calculated. The household wealth index was described using principal component analysis, and factors associated with full immunisation assessed with multiple logistics regression. The threshold of statistical significance was set at 5%.
A total, 273 children aged 12-59 months enrolled; 37% of participants were fully immunised, and 16% had never received any vaccine. Mother's level of education: Primary (OR = 3.59, p = 0.0200), high school (OR = 3.68, p = 0.0400*), and higher education (OR = 8.25, p = 0.0018), and sharing household with biological father (OR = 2.11, p = 0.0305) were significantly associated with full vaccination. Living in a richer (3-5 wealth quintiles) household (OR = 0.25, p = 0.0053); mother's education: Primary (OR = 0.07, p = 0.0271) and Higher education (OR = 0.10, p = 0.0419), living with the mother (OR = 0.05, p = < 0.0001) and living with the father (OR = 0.22, p = 0.0253) had significant negative association with zero-dose in children.
The proportion of fully vaccinated children in Yaounde is lower than the national average. Children from poor homes and those borne by uneducated mother have higher odds of not being vaccinated. Immunisation programmes in Yaounde need to be stepped up to improve coverage. Equally, there is a need to reconsider how the poor can the better reached with immunisation services.
喀麦隆的常规免疫接种覆盖率仍低于国家扩大免疫规划 (EPI) 的目标，根据 2018 年人口与健康调查 (DHS) 报告，只有 42%的儿童完全接种疫苗。本研究的目的是评估喀麦隆儿童完全免疫接种和零剂量的相关因素。
2021 年 11 月在雅温得进行了两阶段横断面聚类调查，目标人群为 12-59 个月龄儿童。使用与人口大小成比例的概率选择 (PPS) 选择聚类，使用受限抽样技术选择家庭。数据来自儿童的疫苗接种卡或父母回忆，如果没有疫苗接种卡，则使用带有平板电脑的电子表格收集。使用 R（版本 4.1.0.）计算完全免疫接种儿童的比例。使用主成分分析描述家庭财富指数，并使用多逻辑回归评估与完全免疫接种相关的因素。统计显著性阈值设为 5%。
共纳入 273 名 12-59 个月龄的儿童；37%的参与者完全免疫接种，16%的参与者从未接种过任何疫苗。母亲的受教育程度：小学（OR=3.59，p=0.0200）、中学（OR=3.68，p=0.0400*）和高等教育（OR=8.25，p=0.0018），与生物学父亲同住（OR=2.11，p=0.0305）与完全接种疫苗显著相关。生活在较富裕的（3-5 个财富五分位数）家庭（OR=0.25，p=0.0053）；母亲的教育：小学（OR=0.07，p=0.0271）和高等教育（OR=0.10，p=0.0419），与母亲同住（OR=0.05，p=0.0001）和与父亲同住（OR=0.22，p=0.0253）与儿童零剂量有显著负相关。
雅温得完全接种疫苗的儿童比例低于全国平均水平。来自贫困家庭和母亲未受过教育的儿童未接种疫苗的可能性更高。雅温得的免疫规划需要加强，以提高覆盖率。同样，需要重新考虑如何更好地为贫困人口提供免疫服务。
