Jafari Mohammad Mahdi, Azimzadeh Tabrizi Zahra, Dayer Mohammad Saaid, Kazemi-Sefat Nazanin Atieh, Mohtashamifard Mahshid, Mohseni Rahimeh, Bagheri Atefeh, Bahadory Saeed, Karimipour-Saryazdi Amir, Ghaffarifar Fatemeh
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Nov;124(Pt A):110872. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110872. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
Toxoplasma gondii is the protozoan causative agent of toxoplasmosis in humans and warm-blooded animals. Recent studies have illustrated that the immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis by triggering immune cytokines like IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and immune cells like DCs, Th1, and Th17. On the other hand, some immune components can serve as prognosis markers of toxoplasmosis. In healthy people, the disease is often asymptomatic, but immunocompromised people and newborns may suffer severe symptoms and complications. Therefore, the immune prognostic markers may provide tools to measure the disease progress and help patients to avoid further complications. Immunotherapies using monoclonal antibody, cytokines, immune cells, exosomes, novel vaccines, and anti-inflammatory molecules open new horizon for toxoplasmosis treatment. In this review article, we discussed the immunopathogenesis, prognosis, and immunotherapy of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
弓形虫是人类和温血动物弓形虫病的原生动物病原体。最近的研究表明，免疫系统通过触发白细胞介素-12、肿瘤坏死因子-α和干扰素-γ等免疫细胞因子以及树突状细胞、辅助性T细胞1和辅助性T细胞17等免疫细胞，在弓形虫病的发病机制中起关键作用。另一方面，一些免疫成分可作为弓形虫病的预后标志物。在健康人群中，该病通常无症状，但免疫功能低下的人和新生儿可能会出现严重症状和并发症。因此，免疫预后标志物可为衡量疾病进展提供工具，并帮助患者避免进一步的并发症。使用单克隆抗体、细胞因子、免疫细胞、外泌体、新型疫苗和抗炎分子的免疫疗法为弓形虫病的治疗开辟了新的前景。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了弓形虫感染的免疫发病机制、预后和免疫治疗。
