Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130, China.
Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, 611130, China.
Parasit Vectors. 2023 Sep 3;16(1):312. doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05925-8.
Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria zuernii (Eimeriidae: Coccidia) represents a significant economic threat to the bovine industry. Understanding the evolutionary and genetic biology of E. zuernii can assist in new interaction developments for the prevention and control of this protozoosis.
We defined the evolutionary and genetic characteristics of E. zuernii by sequencing the complete mitogenome and analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of 51 isolates collected from eight yak breeding parks in China.
The 6176-bp mitogenome of E. zuernii was linear and encoded typical mitochondrial contents of apicomplexan parasites, including three protein-coding genes [PCGs; cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and III (cox1 and cox3), and cytochrome b (cytb)], seven fragmented small subunit (SSU) and 12 fragmented large subunit (LSU) rRNAs. Genome-wide comparative and evolutionary analyses showed cytb and cox3 to be the most and least conserved Eimeria PCGs, respectively, and placed E. zuernii more closely related to Eimeria mephitidis than other Eimeria species. Furthermore, cox1-based genetic structure defined 24 haplotypes of E. zuernii with high haplotype diversities and low nucleotide diversities across eight geographic populations, supporting a low genetic structure and rapid evolutionary rate as well as a previous expansion event among E. zuernii populations.
To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting the phylogeny, genetic diversity, and population structure of the yak E. zuernii, and such information, together with its mitogenomic data, should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and evolutionary biological studies of apicomplexan parasites in bovines.
由柔嫩艾美耳球虫（艾美耳科：球虫目）引起的球虫病对牛养殖业构成了重大的经济威胁。了解柔嫩艾美耳球虫的进化和遗传生物学可以帮助开发新的互动方式，以预防和控制这种原生动物病。
我们通过测序完整的线粒体基因组，分析了从中国 8 个牦牛养殖园区采集的 51 个分离株的遗传多样性和种群结构，从而定义了柔嫩艾美耳球虫的进化和遗传特征。
柔嫩艾美耳球虫的 6176-bp 线粒体基因组为线性，编码了典型的顶复门寄生虫的线粒体内容物，包括 3 个蛋白质编码基因（cox1 和 cox3 的细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I 和 III，以及细胞色素 b（cytb））、7 个碎片化的小亚基（SSU）和 12 个碎片化的大亚基（LSU）rRNA。全基因组比较和进化分析表明 cytb 和 cox3 分别是最保守和最不保守的柔嫩艾美耳球虫 PCGs，并且将柔嫩艾美耳球虫与其他艾美耳虫种相比，更接近艾美耳虫 mephitidis。此外，cox1 为基础的遗传结构定义了 24 种柔嫩艾美耳球虫的单倍型，这些单倍型在 8 个地理种群中具有较高的单倍型多样性和较低的核苷酸多样性，支持柔嫩艾美耳球虫种群的遗传结构较低、进化速度较快以及种群扩张事件。
据我们所知，这是首次研究牦牛柔嫩艾美耳球虫的系统发育、遗传多样性和种群结构，这些信息以及其线粒体基因组数据应有助于更好地了解牛类顶复门寄生虫的遗传和进化生物学研究。
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