Zhou You, Dong Yuqing, Zhang Aixue, Wu Jibin, Sun Qiang
Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
China Medical University and Department of Pathology, Shenyang, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 17;11:1214190. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214190. eCollection 2023.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), one of the most common types of stem cells, are involved in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). With the advancement of nanotechnology, exosomes, especially exosomes secreted by MSCs, have been found to play an important role in the initiation and development of tumors. In recent years, nanobiotechnology and bioengineering technology have been gradually developed to detect and identify exosomes for diagnosis and modify exosomes for tumor treatment. Several novel therapeutic strategies bioengineer exosomes to carry drugs, proteins, and RNAs, and further deliver their encapsulated cargoes to cancer cells through the properties of exosomes. The unique properties of exosomes in cancer treatment include targeting, low immunogenicity, flexibility in modification, and high biological barrier permeability. Nevertheless, the current comprehensive understanding of the roles of MSCs and their secreted exosomes in cancer development remain inadequate. It is necessary to better understand/update the mechanism of action of MSCs-secreted exosomes in cancer development, providing insights for better modification of exosomes through bioengineering technology and nanobiotechnology. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of MSCs-secreted exosomes and bioengineered exosomes in the development, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是最常见的干细胞类型之一，参与肿瘤微环境（TME）的调节。随着纳米技术的进步，人们发现外泌体，尤其是间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体，在肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥着重要作用。近年来，纳米生物技术和生物工程技术逐渐发展起来，用于检测和鉴定外泌体以进行诊断，并对外泌体进行修饰以用于肿瘤治疗。几种新型治疗策略通过生物工程改造外泌体来携带药物、蛋白质和RNA，并通过外泌体的特性将其包裹的物质进一步递送至癌细胞。外泌体在癌症治疗中的独特特性包括靶向性、低免疫原性、修饰灵活性和高生物屏障通透性。然而，目前对间充质干细胞及其分泌的外泌体在癌症发展中的作用的全面理解仍然不足。有必要更好地理解/更新间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体在癌症发展中的作用机制，为通过生物工程技术和纳米生物技术更好地修饰外泌体提供思路。因此，本综述重点关注间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体和生物工程改造的外泌体在癌症发生、发展、诊断和治疗中的作用。
