Galli Matteo, Jacob Stefan, Zheng Ying, Ghezellou Parviz, Gand Martin, Albuquerque Wendell, Imani Jafargholi, Allasia Valérie, Coustau Christine, Spengler Bernhard, Keller Harald, Thines Eckhard, Kogel Karl-Heinz
Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research GmbH, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
iScience. 2023 Aug 6;26(9):107565. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107565. eCollection 2023 Sep 15.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic protein with chemotactic, pro-inflammatory, and growth-promoting activities first discovered in mammals. In parasites, MIF homologs are involved in immune evasion and pathogenesis. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of an MIF protein from the devastating plant pathogen (). The fungal genome encodes a single MIF protein (MIF1) that, unlike the human homolog, harbors multiple low-complexity regions (LCRs) and is unique to Ascomycota. Following infection, is expressed in the biotrophic phase of the fungus, and is strongly down-regulated during subsequent necrotrophic growth in leaves and roots. We show that MIF1 is secreted during plant infection, affects the production of the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid and inhibits plant cell death. Our results suggest that MIF1 is a novel key regulator of fungal virulence that maintains the balance between biotrophy and necrotrophy during the different phases of fungal infection.
巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）是一种多效性蛋白质，具有趋化、促炎和促进生长的活性，最初在哺乳动物中被发现。在寄生虫中，MIF同源物参与免疫逃避和发病机制。在此，我们首次对来自毁灭性植物病原体（此处原文括号内容缺失）的一种MIF蛋白进行了全面分析。该真菌基因组编码一种单一的MIF蛋白（MIF1），与人类同源物不同，它含有多个低复杂性区域（LCRs），且为子囊菌门所特有。感染后，（此处原文内容缺失）在真菌的活体营养阶段表达，并在随后叶片和根部的死体营养生长过程中强烈下调。我们表明MIF1在植物感染期间被分泌，影响霉菌毒素细交链孢菌酮酸的产生并抑制植物细胞死亡。我们的结果表明，MIF1是真菌毒力的一种新型关键调节因子，在真菌感染的不同阶段维持活体营养和死体营养之间的平衡。
