Xiang Hui
.College of Geography and Tourism, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, Hunan, China.
. Institute of Green Low-Carbon Development, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Aug 19;9(8):e19145. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19145. eCollection 2023 Aug.
The scarcity of agricultural ecosystem services (ESs) caused by land use changes has become increasingly prominent, and the negative effects of agricultural production on ecosystems have been a constant concern. In this work, the geographic information system mapping method, the agricultural product supply (AS) model and InVEST model were applied to assess the economic and ecological services of agricultural landscapes. The interlinkages among them in Xiangxi were explored, a mountainous area in central China. The major conclusions drawn were as follows.1) From 2000 to 2020, the economic services (ESs1) of agricultural landscapes in Xiangxi increased by 96.6667%, and those of grain yield per ha (X1), cash crop output value per ha (X2), forestry output value per ha (X3), meat production per capita in rural areas (X4), and fishery output per ha (X5) were 39.0405%, 510.8462%, 297.6807%, 64.5947%, and 194.0348%, respectively. The spatial distribution of X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 changed considerably, and the major influencing factors were human elements. 2) Ecological services (ESs2) increased by 5.13%, and those of carbon storage (CS, X6), water conservation (WC, X7), and N content in water (X8) were 1.0897%, 13.5808%, and -0.7406%, respectively. The distribution of X6, X7, and X8 was nearly unchanged and primarily influenced by natural factors 3) The relationship between ESs1 and ESs2 was not ideal. The dominant relationships between AS and CS were trade-offs, those between AS and WC were synergies, and those between AS and water purification were trade-offs. 4) The following suggestions are proposed: promote afforestation and vegetation protection policies, implement the best agricultural policies, increase investment in water conservation projects, adjust agricultural scale, and control the usage of agricultural chemicals. For the surrounding areas of more developed regions, strict environmental measures and agricultural policies are necessary. The methods used in this study are novel and can provide methodological references for similar studies. Moreover, it may offer useful suggestions for agricultural resource management and contribute to ecological civilization construction.
土地利用变化导致的农业生态系统服务稀缺问题日益突出，农业生产对生态系统的负面影响一直备受关注。本研究运用地理信息系统制图方法、农产品供应（AS）模型和InVEST模型，对农业景观的经济和生态服务进行评估。以中国中部山区湘西为例，探讨了它们之间的相互联系。主要研究结论如下：1）2000年至2020年，湘西农业景观的经济服务（ESs1）增长了96.6667%，其中每公顷粮食产量（X1）、每公顷经济作物产值（X2）、每公顷林业产值（X3）、农村人均肉类产量（X4）和每公顷渔业产量（X5）的经济服务分别增长了39.0405%、510.8462%、297.6807%、64.5947%和194.0348%。X1、X2、X3、X4和X5的空间分布变化显著，主要影响因素是人为因素。2）生态服务（ESs2）增长了5.13%，其中碳储量（CS，X6）、水源涵养（WC，X7）和水体氮含量（X8）的生态服务分别增长了1.0897%、13.5808%和-0.7406%。X6、X7和X8的分布变化不大，主要受自然因素影响。3）ESs1与ESs2之间的关系并不理想。AS与CS之间的主导关系是权衡，AS与WC之间的主导关系是协同，AS与水质净化之间的主导关系是权衡。4）提出以下建议：推行植树造林和植被保护政策，实施最佳农业政策，增加对节水工程的投资，调整农业规模，控制农药使用。对于较发达地区的周边区域,需要采取严格的环境措施和农业政策。本研究采用的方法新颖，可为类似研究提供方法参考。此外，本研究可为农业资源管理提供有益建议，助力生态文明建设。
